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Albert N, Daniels J, Schwartz J, et al. GapMap: Enabling Comprehensive Autism Resource Epidemiology. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2017;3(2):e27doi: 10.2196/publichealth.7150.
Albert, N., Daniels, J., Schwartz, J., Du, M., & Wall, D. P. (2017). GapMap: Enabling Comprehensive Autism Resource Epidemiology. JMIR public health and surveillance, 3(2), e27. https://doi.org/10.2196/publichealth.7150
Albert, Nikhila, et al. "GapMap: Enabling Comprehensive Autism Resource Epidemiology." JMIR public health and surveillance vol. 3,2 (2017): e27. doi: https://doi.org/10.2196/publichealth.7150
Albert N, Daniels J, Schwartz J, Du M, Wall DP. GapMap: Enabling Comprehensive Autism Resource Epidemiology. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2017 May 04;3(2):e27. doi: 10.2196/publichealth.7150. PMID: 28473303; PMCID: PMC5438459.
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JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2017 May 04;3(2):e27. doi: 10.2196/publichealth.7150.

GapMap: Enabling Comprehensive Autism Resource Epidemiology.

JMIR public health and surveillance

Nikhila Albert, Jena Daniels, Jessey Schwartz, Michael Du, Dennis P Wall

Affiliations

  1. Department of PediatricsDivision of Systems MedicineStanford UniversityStanford, CAUnited States.
  2. Department of Computer SciencePrinceton UniversityPrinceton, NJUnited States.
  3. Department of Biomedical Data ScienceStanford UniversityStanford, CAUnited States.

PMID: 28473303 PMCID: PMC5438459 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.7150

Abstract

BACKGROUND: For individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), finding resources can be a lengthy and difficult process. The difficulty in obtaining global, fine-grained autism epidemiological data hinders researchers from quickly and efficiently studying large-scale correlations among ASD, environmental factors, and geographical and cultural factors.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to define resource load and resource availability for families affected by autism and subsequently create a platform to enable a more accurate representation of prevalence rates and resource epidemiology.

METHODS: We created a mobile application, GapMap, to collect locational, diagnostic, and resource use information from individuals with autism to compute accurate prevalence rates and better understand autism resource epidemiology. GapMap is hosted on AWS S3, running on a React and Redux front-end framework. The backend framework is comprised of an AWS API Gateway and Lambda Function setup, with secure and scalable end points for retrieving prevalence and resource data, and for submitting participant data. Measures of autism resource scarcity, including resource load, resource availability, and resource gaps were defined and preliminarily computed using simulated or scraped data.

RESULTS: The average distance from an individual in the United States to the nearest diagnostic center is approximately 182 km (50 miles), with a standard deviation of 235 km (146 miles). The average distance from an individual with ASD to the nearest diagnostic center, however, is only 32 km (20 miles), suggesting that individuals who live closer to diagnostic services are more likely to be diagnosed.

CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that individuals closer to diagnostic services are more likely to be diagnosed and proposes GapMap, a means to measure and enable the alleviation of increasingly overburdened diagnostic centers and resource-poor areas where parents are unable to diagnose their children as quickly and easily as needed. GapMap will collect information that will provide more accurate data for computing resource loads and availability, uncovering the impact of resource epidemiology on age and likelihood of diagnosis, and gathering localized autism prevalence rates.

©Nikhila Albert, Jena Daniels, Jessey Schwartz, Michael Du, Dennis P Wall. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (http://publichealth.jmir.org), 04.05.2017.

Keywords: autism; autism spectrum disorder; crowdsourcing; epidemiology; prevalence; resources

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