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Williams BA, Trejo ND, Wu A, et al. Copper-Zinc-Tin-Sulfide Thin Films via Annealing of Ultrasonic Spray Deposited Nanocrystal Coatings. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017;9(22):18865-18871doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b04414.
Williams, B. A., Trejo, N. D., Wu, A., Holgate, C. S., Francis, L. F., & Aydil, E. S. (2017). Copper-Zinc-Tin-Sulfide Thin Films via Annealing of Ultrasonic Spray Deposited Nanocrystal Coatings. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 9(22), 18865-18871. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b04414
Williams, Bryce A, et al. "Copper-Zinc-Tin-Sulfide Thin Films via Annealing of Ultrasonic Spray Deposited Nanocrystal Coatings." ACS applied materials & interfaces vol. 9,22 (2017): 18865-18871. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b04414
Williams BA, Trejo ND, Wu A, Holgate CS, Francis LF, Aydil ES. Copper-Zinc-Tin-Sulfide Thin Films via Annealing of Ultrasonic Spray Deposited Nanocrystal Coatings. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017 Jun 07;9(22):18865-18871. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b04414. Epub 2017 May 23. PMID: 28505419.
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ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017 Jun 07;9(22):18865-18871. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b04414. Epub 2017 May 23.

Copper-Zinc-Tin-Sulfide Thin Films via Annealing of Ultrasonic Spray Deposited Nanocrystal Coatings.

ACS applied materials & interfaces

Bryce A Williams, Nancy D Trejo, Albert Wu, Collin S Holgate, Lorraine F Francis, Eray S Aydil

Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.

PMID: 28505419 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04414

Abstract

Thin polycrystalline films of the solar absorber copper-zinc-tin-sulfide (CZTS) were formed by annealing coatings deposited on molybdenum-coated soda lime glass via ultrasonic spraying of aerosol droplets from colloidal CZTS nanocrystal dispersions. Production of uniform continuous nanocrystal coatings with ultrasonic spraying requires that the evaporation time is longer than the aerosol flight time from the spray nozzle to the substrate such that the aerosol droplets still have low enough viscosity to smooth the impact craters that form on the coating surface. In this work, evaporation was slowed by adding a high boiling point cosolvent, cyclohexanone, to toluene as the dispersing liquid. We analyzed, quantitatively, the effects of the solvent composition on the aerosol and coating drying dynamics using an aerosol evaporation model. Annealing coatings in sulfur vapor converts them into polycrystalline films with micrometer size grains, but the grains form continuous films only when Na is present during annealing to enhance grain growth. Continuous films are easier to form when the average nanocrystal size is 15 nm: using larger nanocrystals (e.g., 20 nm) sacrifices film continuity.

Keywords: copper−zinc−tin−sulfide; grain growth; nanocrystal; thin-film solar cell; ultrasonic spray coating

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