Display options
Share it on

Drugs. 1992 Apr;43(4):464-489. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199243040-00004.

Recent Advances in Pharmacological Management of Hypertension in Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy : Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Kidney Function and Insulin Sensitivity.

Drugs

Tsuneharu Baba, Takashi Ishizaki

Affiliations

  1. Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
  2. Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Research Institute, National Medical Center, Toyama 1-21-2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162, Japan.

PMID: 28421556 DOI: 10.2165/00003495-199243040-00004

Abstract

Hypertension is often seen in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients, particularly in those with nephropathy, and the progression of diabetic nephropathy is closely related to blood pressure elevation. Thus, the effects of antihypertensive drugs on kidney function and insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients are of great clinical importance.Successful antihypertensive treatment has been shown to slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Several results from short term studies have suggested that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may be advantageous over other conventional antihypertensive agents in reducing albuminuria in both hypertensive and normotensive diabetics with microalbuminuria or persistent proteinuria. However, the decline in glomerular filtration rate during ACE inhibitor treatment is comparable to that during effective treatment with conventional antihypertensive drugs in hypertensive Type 1 diabetic patients with overt nephropathy. Whether ACE inhibitors possess a specific effect in preventing the development of diabetic nephropathy remains to be seen in properly designed long term studies. Although calcium antagonists may preserve kidney function or possess a renoprotective effect in hypertensive Type 2 diabetics with nephropathy, firm evidence supporting this contention seems to be lacking and also requires long term evaluation.Increasing attention is being directed toward the effect of antihypertensive drugs on insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients: ACE inhibitors and α-adrenoceptor blocking agents have been shown to improve this sensitivity. Despite the widespread involvement of calcium in hormone secretion and action, calcium antagonists appear to have little effects on the glucoregulatory and calcium-regulatory hormones within the drug dosages used in clinical practice.Several clinical variables, such as the presence or absence of hypertension, overt nephropathy and microalbuminuria, or a combination of variables should be accounted for when evaluating critically the cumulative data on the effects of antihypertensive drugs on kidney function and albuminuria in the variety of diabetic patient groups. Understanding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of antihypertensive drugs will be of clinical importance in diabetic patients with advanced nephropathy (glomerular filtration rate of < 30 ml/min) and/or other complications, such as impaired gastric motility or gastroparesis, and will thereby lead to a more rational management of hypertension in those patients.

References

  1. Am J Hypertens. 1990 Jan;3(1):69-75 - PubMed
  2. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982 Sep 11;285(6343):685-8 - PubMed
  3. J Hypertens Suppl. 1988 Nov;6(1):S109-11 - PubMed
  4. Diabetologia. 1983 Jan;24(1):1-9 - PubMed
  5. Diabetologia. 1985 Mar;28(3):153-6 - PubMed
  6. Am J Hypertens. 1989 Apr;2(4):294-306 - PubMed
  7. N Engl J Med. 1990 Feb 22;322(8):500-5 - PubMed
  8. Metabolism. 1990 Feb;39(2):167-74 - PubMed
  9. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1988 Feb 13;296(6620):455-8 - PubMed
  10. Diabetologia. 1980 Nov;19(5):439-44 - PubMed
  11. Diabetologia. 1989 Apr;32(4):219-26 - PubMed
  12. Diabetes. 1990 Dec;39(12):1575-9 - PubMed
  13. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1980 Nov;18(5):395-8 - PubMed
  14. Diabetes. 1981 Mar;30(3):219-25 - PubMed
  15. N Engl J Med. 1988 Jul 14;319(2):80-6 - PubMed
  16. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1988 Feb 6;118(5):165-9 - PubMed
  17. N Engl J Med. 1984 Jul 12;311(2):89-93 - PubMed
  18. BMJ. 1989 Feb 25;298(6672):487-90 - PubMed
  19. J Hypertens. 1988 Nov;6(11):919-23 - PubMed
  20. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1981 Jul 4;283(6283):19-20 - PubMed
  21. Lancet. 1976 Mar 13;1(7959):564-6 - PubMed
  22. N Engl J Med. 1989 May 4;320(18):1161-5 - PubMed
  23. Diabet Med. 1988 Mar;5(2):126-34 - PubMed
  24. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1990 Mar;4 Suppl 2:379-82 - PubMed
  25. J Clin Invest. 1986 Jun;77(6):1925-30 - PubMed
  26. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1989;36(1):1-4 - PubMed
  27. Diabetologia. 1984 Jun;26(6):406-10 - PubMed
  28. Hypertension. 1985 Nov-Dec;7(6 Pt 2):II114-7 - PubMed
  29. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1985;7 Suppl 1:S52-5 - PubMed
  30. J Hypertens Suppl. 1989 Dec;7(6):S312-3 - PubMed
  31. Med Clin North Am. 1988 Nov;72(6):1399-414 - PubMed
  32. Postgrad Med J. 1988;64 Suppl 3:59-62; discussion 90-2 - PubMed
  33. Drugs. 1989 Jun;37(6):900-25 - PubMed
  34. BMJ. 1989 Apr 29;298(6681):1152-7 - PubMed
  35. Diabet Med. 1988 Mar;5(2):172-6 - PubMed
  36. Lancet. 1988 Sep 3;2(8610):530-3 - PubMed
  37. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1983 Feb 19;286(6365):598-602 - PubMed
  38. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1976 Jul;36(4):383-8 - PubMed
  39. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1987 Aug;42(2):232-9 - PubMed
  40. BMJ. 1990 Sep 29;301(6753):635-8 - PubMed
  41. Eur J Clin Invest. 1987 Oct;17(5):448-54 - PubMed
  42. J Hypertens. 1991 Jun;9(6):505-7 - PubMed
  43. Lancet. 1983 May 28;1(8335):1175-9 - PubMed
  44. Am J Kidney Dis. 1986 Oct;8(4):234-8 - PubMed
  45. Drugs. 1989 Oct;38(4):621-33 - PubMed
  46. J Chronic Dis. 1985;38(4):319-26 - PubMed
  47. Diabetologia. 1981 Sep;21(3):165-71 - PubMed
  48. Am J Public Health. 1984 Apr;74(4):336-9 - PubMed
  49. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1990;16 Suppl 2:S26-33 - PubMed
  50. Diabetes. 1981;30(Suppl 2):90-6 - PubMed
  51. Diabetes. 1987 Feb;36(2):205-9 - PubMed
  52. Diabetologia. 1989 Sep;32(9):685-9 - PubMed
  53. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1990 Jul;48(1):67-75 - PubMed
  54. Am J Med. 1986 Oct 31;81(4C):19-27 - PubMed
  55. Circulation. 1990 Jan;81(1):381-8 - PubMed
  56. Lancet. 1987 Aug 22;2(8556):435-7 - PubMed
  57. Diabetologia. 1988 Jul;31(7):415-20 - PubMed
  58. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1991 Nov;165(3):229-35 - PubMed
  59. Diabetologia. 1983 Dec;25(6):496-501 - PubMed
  60. J Hypertens Suppl. 1985 Nov;3(2):S149-51 - PubMed
  61. Kidney Int. 1989 Feb;35(2):681-7 - PubMed
  62. Diabet Med. 1990 May;7(4):315-8 - PubMed
  63. Diabetologia. 1990 Aug;33(8):470-6 - PubMed
  64. Diabetologia. 1989 Sep;32(9):694-9 - PubMed
  65. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1987 Jun 6;294(6585):1443-7 - PubMed
  66. Diabetes Care. 1991 Jun;14(6):425-48 - PubMed
  67. Arch Intern Med. 1987 Jun;147(6):1160-2 - PubMed
  68. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1990 Sep;19(3):177-96 - PubMed
  69. Am Heart J. 1987 Aug;114(2):383-8 - PubMed
  70. Am J Physiol. 1985 Nov;249(5 Pt 2):F619-29 - PubMed
  71. Lancet. 1979 Feb 17;1(8112):388-9 - PubMed
  72. Diabetes Care. 1986 Sep-Oct;9(5):529-45 - PubMed
  73. Br Med J. 1979 Jan 20;1(6157):159-61 - PubMed
  74. Diabetologia. 1991 Apr;34(4):275-81 - PubMed
  75. Diabetes. 1966 Dec;15(12):910-3 - PubMed
  76. Nephron. 1990;55(1):83-4 - PubMed
  77. Diabetes Care. 1990 Nov;13(11):1109-11 - PubMed
  78. Diabetologia. 1989 Apr;32(4):255-60 - PubMed
  79. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1991 Jun;20(6):477-90 - PubMed
  80. Diabet Med. 1986 Sep-Oct;3(5):430-5 - PubMed
  81. BMJ. 1988 Oct 29;297(6656):1092-5 - PubMed
  82. Hypertension. 1985 Mar-Apr;7(2):182-6 - PubMed
  83. JAMA. 1988 May 6;259(17):2553-7 - PubMed
  84. N Engl J Med. 1991 Jan 10;324(2):78-84 - PubMed
  85. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1987;9 Suppl 3:S36-42 - PubMed
  86. N Engl J Med. 1984 Feb 9;310(6):356-60 - PubMed
  87. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1987 Jun 6;294(6585):1448-52 - PubMed
  88. BMJ. 1991 Jan 26;302(6770):210-6 - PubMed
  89. Am J Med. 1990 Oct;89(4):427-31 - PubMed
  90. N Engl J Med. 1989 Mar 16;320(11):702-6 - PubMed
  91. Lancet. 1989 Jan 28;1(8631):226-7 - PubMed
  92. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1989;13 Suppl 3:S8-16 - PubMed
  93. Hypertension. 1987 Aug;10(2):140-51 - PubMed
  94. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1987 Aug 29;295(6597):515-7 - PubMed
  95. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1982 Jan;220(1):63-9 - PubMed
  96. Postgrad Med J. 1988;64 Suppl 3:69-74; discussion 90-2 - PubMed
  97. Postgrad Med J. 1986;62 Suppl 1:69-72 - PubMed
  98. N Engl J Med. 1991 Mar 14;324(11):733-9 - PubMed
  99. J Hypertens Suppl. 1986 Dec;4(5):S251-4 - PubMed
  100. Diabetologia. 1989 May;32(5):326-8 - PubMed
  101. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Jan;150(1):31-43 - PubMed
  102. Diabet Med. 1988 Sep;5(6):562-9 - PubMed
  103. Am Heart J. 1986 Mar;111(3):552-7 - PubMed
  104. N Engl J Med. 1989 Sep 28;321(13):868-73 - PubMed
  105. South Med J. 1986 Oct;79(10):1229 - PubMed
  106. Drugs. 1990 May;39(5):639-45 - PubMed
  107. Diabetologia. 1990 Feb;33(2):121-4 - PubMed
  108. Ann Intern Med. 1990 Dec 15;113(12):987-8 - PubMed
  109. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988 Mar;66(3):580-3 - PubMed
  110. Arch Intern Med. 1986 Jan;146(1):62-5 - PubMed
  111. BMJ. 1991 Jul 13;303(6794):81-7 - PubMed
  112. Diabetologia. 1981 Sep;21(3):178-83 - PubMed
  113. Drugs. 1990 Dec;40(6):800-28 - PubMed
  114. N Engl J Med. 1986 Aug 21;315 (8):515-6 - PubMed
  115. Diabetes. 1983 May;32 Suppl 2:83-7 - PubMed
  116. N Engl J Med. 1988 Dec 15;319(24):1609 - PubMed
  117. Diabetologia. 1989 Jan;32(1):40-4 - PubMed
  118. Acta Med Scand. 1980;208(3):187-91 - PubMed
  119. Kidney Int. 1987 Apr;31(4):898-905 - PubMed
  120. Horm Metab Res. 1984 Feb;16(2):59-63 - PubMed
  121. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1990;38(5):425-9 - PubMed
  122. Diabetes. 1984 Jul;33(7):686-92 - PubMed
  123. Hypertension. 1985 Nov-Dec;7(6 Pt 2):II109-13 - PubMed
  124. Am J Cardiol. 1988 Jun 15;61(16):34H-40H - PubMed
  125. Am J Med. 1981 Nov;71(5):829-35 - PubMed
  126. Am J Hypertens. 1990 Jul;3(7):563-5 - PubMed
  127. Diabetologia. 1988 Dec;31(12):878-83 - PubMed
  128. Diabetes. 1987 Jan;36(1):73-9 - PubMed
  129. Diabetologia. 1984 Aug;27(2):174-9 - PubMed
  130. Diabetologia. 1983 Jan;24(1):10-2 - PubMed
  131. Diabetes. 1988 Jan;37(1):38-43 - PubMed
  132. Am J Cardiol. 1985 Sep 15;56(8):566-9 - PubMed
  133. Diabetologia. 1984 Jun;26(6):401-5 - PubMed
  134. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1990 Aug;161(4):311-8 - PubMed
  135. J Pediatr. 1990 Jul;117(1 Pt 1):39-45 - PubMed
  136. Am J Med. 1988 Mar;84(3 Pt 1):492-504 - PubMed
  137. Diabetologia. 1988 Feb;31(2):82-7 - PubMed
  138. J Hypertens. 1990 May;8(5):479-82 - PubMed
  139. Circulation. 1988 Jun;77(6 Pt 2):I74-8 - PubMed
  140. Ann Intern Med. 1987 Aug;107(2):150-7 - PubMed
  141. Arch Intern Med. 1984 Sep;144(9):1829-31 - PubMed
  142. BMJ. 1992 May 2;304(6835):1157 - PubMed
  143. Diabetologia. 1981 Mar;20(3):190-4 - PubMed
  144. Hypertension. 1988 May;11(5):452-6 - PubMed
  145. Circulation. 1983 Sep;68(3):477-83 - PubMed
  146. J Clin Invest. 1985 Mar;75(3):809-17 - PubMed
  147. Arch Intern Med. 1988 Nov;148(11):2363-8 - PubMed
  148. Am J Med. 1985 May;78(5):785-94 - PubMed
  149. Am J Med. 1990 Dec;89(6):811-3 - PubMed
  150. Lancet. 1982 Jun 26;1(8287):1430-2 - PubMed
  151. BMJ. 1990 Apr 7;300(6729):904-7 - PubMed
  152. N Engl J Med. 1988 Dec 8;319(23):1517-25 - PubMed
  153. J Hypertens. 1989 Jul;7(7):551-9 - PubMed
  154. Diabetes Care. 1987 Mar-Apr;10(2):200-4 - PubMed
  155. J Hypertens Suppl. 1987 Dec;5(4):S81-104 - PubMed
  156. N Engl J Med. 1987 Aug 6;317(6):350-7 - PubMed
  157. Diabetologia. 1987 Mar;30(3):123-31 - PubMed
  158. Am Heart J. 1989 Oct;118(4):819-29 - PubMed
  159. JAMA. 1982 Oct 22;248(16):1996-2003 - PubMed
  160. Lancet. 1986 Dec 6;2(8519):1300-4 - PubMed
  161. N Engl J Med. 1985 Dec 26;313(26):1617-20 - PubMed
  162. Diabetes Care. 1987 Mar-Apr;10(2):191-4 - PubMed
  163. Ann Intern Med. 1985 Jan;102(1):134-5 - PubMed
  164. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Jun;150(6):1167-74 - PubMed
  165. Kidney Int. 1982 May;21(5):730-8 - PubMed
  166. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1985 Feb;145(2):167-73 - PubMed
  167. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1984;6 Suppl 7:S1085-9 - PubMed
  168. Am J Hypertens. 1990 Aug;3(8 Pt 1):611-7 - PubMed
  169. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1987 Oct;42(4):420-3 - PubMed
  170. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986 Aug 23;293(6545):467-70 - PubMed
  171. Diabetes Care. 1987 Jul-Aug;10(4):407-13 - PubMed
  172. Diabetes Care. 1991 Mar;14(3):260-9 - PubMed
  173. J Hum Hypertens. 1987 Dec;1(3):181-3 - PubMed
  174. Diabet Med. 1985 Mar;2(2):97-102 - PubMed
  175. Ann Intern Med. 1990 May 1;112(9):707-8 - PubMed
  176. Diabetes Res. 1987 Apr;4(4):159-62 - PubMed
  177. Am J Cardiol. 1985 Dec 6;56(16):101H-104H - PubMed
  178. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1989;36(3):311-3 - PubMed
  179. JAMA. 1986 Oct 24-31;256(16):2214-21 - PubMed
  180. Am J Cardiol. 1988 Jul 11;62(2):55A-59A - PubMed
  181. Diabet Med. 1984 May;1(1):17-9 - PubMed
  182. Diabetologia. 1989 Nov;32(11):829 - PubMed
  183. JAMA. 1989 Aug 11;262(6):817-23 - PubMed
  184. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986 Aug 23;293(6545):471-4 - PubMed
  185. Am J Med. 1988 Sep;85(3):344-8 - PubMed
  186. Arch Intern Med. 1987 May;147(5):830-42 - PubMed
  187. Arch Intern Med. 1987 Mar;147(3):492-5 - PubMed
  188. Diabetes. 1986 Nov;35(11):1206-14 - PubMed
  189. BMJ. 1989 Aug 26;299(6698):533-6 - PubMed
  190. Am J Med. 1988 Nov 28;85(5A):131-6 - PubMed
  191. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1990;16 Suppl 2:S13-5 - PubMed
  192. Diabetes Care. 1987 Nov-Dec;10(6):764-76 - PubMed
  193. BMJ. 1988 Nov 5;297(6657):1155-9 - PubMed
  194. Lancet. 1986 Nov 1;2(8514):1042-3 - PubMed
  195. Diabetes Care. 1991 May;14(5):355-9 - PubMed
  196. Am J Hypertens. 1990 May;3(5 Pt 1):415-24 - PubMed
  197. BMJ. 1988 Oct 29;297(6656):1086-91 - PubMed
  198. Diabetologia. 1990 Oct;33(10):619-24 - PubMed

Publication Types