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Gálvez H, Abelló G, Giraldez F. Signaling and Transcription Factors during Inner Ear Development: The Generation of Hair Cells and Otic Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2017;5:21doi: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00021.
Gálvez, H., Abelló, G., & Giraldez, F. (2017). Signaling and Transcription Factors during Inner Ear Development: The Generation of Hair Cells and Otic Neurons. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 521. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2017.00021
Gálvez, Héctor, et al. "Signaling and Transcription Factors during Inner Ear Development: The Generation of Hair Cells and Otic Neurons." Frontiers in cell and developmental biology vol. 5 (2017): 21. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2017.00021
Gálvez H, Abelló G, Giraldez F. Signaling and Transcription Factors during Inner Ear Development: The Generation of Hair Cells and Otic Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2017 Mar 24;5:21. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00021. eCollection 2017. PMID: 28393066; PMCID: PMC5364141.
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Front Cell Dev Biol. 2017 Mar 24;5:21. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00021. eCollection 2017.

Signaling and Transcription Factors during Inner Ear Development: The Generation of Hair Cells and Otic Neurons.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

Héctor Gálvez, Gina Abelló, Fernando Giraldez

Affiliations

  1. Developmental Biology, CEXS, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain.

PMID: 28393066 PMCID: PMC5364141 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00021

Abstract

Integration between cell signals and bHLH transcription factors plays a prominent role during the development of hair cells of the inner ear. Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the inner ear, responsible for the mechano-transduction of sound waves into electrical signals. They derive from multipotent progenitors that reside in the otic placode. Progenitor commitment is the result of cell signaling from the surrounding tissues that result in the restricted expression of SoxB1 transcription factors, Sox2 and Sox3. In turn, they induce the expression of Neurog1 and Atoh1, two bHLH factors that specify neuronal and hair cell fates, respectively. Neuronal and hair cell development, however, do not occur simultaneously. Hair cell development is prevented during neurogenesis and prosensory stages, resulting in the delay of hair cell development with respect to neuron production. Negative interactions between Neurog1 and Atoh1, and of Atoh1 with other bHLH factors driven by Notch signaling, like Hey1 and Hes5, account for this delay. In summary, the regulation of Atoh1 and hair cell development relies on interactions between cell signaling and bHLH transcription factors that dictate cell fate and timing decisions during development. Interestingly, these mechanisms operate as well during hair cell regeneration after damage and during stem cell directed differentiation, making developmental studies instrumental for improving therapies for hearing impairment.

Keywords: Hes and Hey factors; Neurog1; Notch signaling pathway; atoh1; cell fate specification; hair cell regeneration

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