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Biotechnol Biofuels. 2017 May 10;10:120. doi: 10.1186/s13068-017-0798-9. eCollection 2017.

Applications of microalgal biofilms for wastewater treatment and bioenergy production.

Biotechnology for biofuels

Ana F Miranda, Narasimhan Ramkumar, Constandino Andriotis, Thorben Höltkemeier, Aneela Yasmin, Simone Rochfort, Donald Wlodkowic, Paul Morrison, Felicity Roddick, German Spangenberg, Banwari Lal, Sanjukta Subudhi, Aidyn Mouradov

Affiliations

  1. School of Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC Australia.
  2. The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, 110 003 India.
  3. Technical University of Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany.
  4. Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan.
  5. AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia.
  6. School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC Australia.

PMID: 28491136 PMCID: PMC5424312 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0798-9

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Microalgae have shown clear advantages for the production of biofuels compared with energy crops. Apart from their high growth rates and substantial lipid/triacylglycerol yields, microalgae can grow in wastewaters (animal, municipal and mining wastewaters) efficiently removing their primary nutrients (C, N, and P), heavy metals and micropollutants, and they do not compete with crops for arable lands. However, fundamental barriers to the industrial application of microalgae for biofuel production still include high costs of removing the algae from the water and the water from the algae which can account for up to 30-40% of the total cost of biodiesel production. Algal biofilms are becoming increasingly popular as a strategy for the concentration of microalgae, making harvesting/dewatering easier and cheaper.

RESULTS: We have isolated and characterized a number of natural microalgal biofilms from freshwater, saline lakes and marine habitats. Structurally, these biofilms represent complex consortia of unicellular and multicellular, photosynthetic and heterotrophic inhabitants, such as cyanobacteria, microalgae, diatoms, bacteria, and fungi. Biofilm #52 was used as feedstock for bioenergy production. Dark fermentation of its biomass by

CONCLUSIONS: This multidisciplinary study showed the new potential of natural biofilms, their individual photosynthetic inhabitants and assembled new algal/cyanobacterial biofilms as the next generation of bioenergy feedstocks which can grow using wastewaters as a cheap source of key nutrients.

Keywords: Bio-hydrogen; Biofilms; Biofuel; Cyanobacteria; Microalgae; Wastewater treatment

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