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Fouad YA, Aanei C. Revisiting the hallmarks of cancer. Am J Cancer Res. 2017;7(5):1016-1036
Fouad, Y. A., & Aanei, C. (2017). Revisiting the hallmarks of cancer. American journal of cancer research, 7(5), 1016-1036.
Fouad, Yousef Ahmed, and Aanei, Carmen. "Revisiting the hallmarks of cancer." American journal of cancer research vol. 7,5 (2017): 1016-1036.
Fouad YA, Aanei C. Revisiting the hallmarks of cancer. Am J Cancer Res. 2017 May 01;7(5):1016-1036. eCollection 2017. PMID: 28560055; PMCID: PMC5446472.
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Am J Cancer Res. 2017 May 01;7(5):1016-1036. eCollection 2017.

Revisiting the hallmarks of cancer.

American journal of cancer research

Yousef Ahmed Fouad, Carmen Aanei

Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityCairo, Egypt.
  2. Hematology Laboratory, Pole De Biologie-Pathologie, University Hospital of St EtienneSt Etienne, France.

PMID: 28560055 PMCID: PMC5446472

Abstract

The hallmarks of cancer described by Hanahan and Weinberg have proved seminal in our understanding of cancer's common traits and in rational drug design. Not free of critique and with understanding of different aspects of tumorigenesis coming into clearer focus in the recent years, we attempt to draw a more organized and updated picture of the cancer hallmarks. We define seven hallmarks of cancer: selective growth and proliferative advantage, altered stress response favoring overall survival, vascularization, invasion and metastasis, metabolic rewiring, an abetting microenvironment, and immune modulation, while highlighting some considerations for the future of the field.

Keywords: Cancer; cancer biology; hallmarks; malignancy; tumor

Conflict of interest statement

None.

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