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Gkamprela E, Deutsch M, Pectasides D. Iron deficiency anemia in chronic liver disease: etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Ann Gastroenterol. 2017;30(4):405-413doi: 10.20524/aog.2017.0152.
Gkamprela, E., Deutsch, M., & Pectasides, D. (2017). Iron deficiency anemia in chronic liver disease: etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Annals of gastroenterology, 30(4), 405-413. https://doi.org/10.20524/aog.2017.0152
Gkamprela, Eleana, et al. "Iron deficiency anemia in chronic liver disease: etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment." Annals of gastroenterology vol. 30,4 (2017): 405-413. doi: https://doi.org/10.20524/aog.2017.0152
Gkamprela E, Deutsch M, Pectasides D. Iron deficiency anemia in chronic liver disease: etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Ann Gastroenterol. 2017;30(4):405-413. doi: 10.20524/aog.2017.0152. Epub 2017 May 03. PMID: 28655976; PMCID: PMC5479992.
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Ann Gastroenterol. 2017;30(4):405-413. doi: 10.20524/aog.2017.0152. Epub 2017 May 03.

Iron deficiency anemia in chronic liver disease: etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.

Annals of gastroenterology

Eleana Gkamprela, Melanie Deutsch, Dimitrios Pectasides

Affiliations

  1. Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens.

PMID: 28655976 PMCID: PMC5479992 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0152

Abstract

Chronic liver disease is accompanied by multiple hematological abnormalities. Iron deficiency anemia is a frequent complication of advanced liver disease. The etiology is multifactorial, mostly due to chronic hemorrhage into the gastrointestinal tract. The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia is very challenging, as simple laboratory methods, including serum iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation (Tsat), and mean corpuscular volume are affected by the liver disease itself or the cause of the disease, resulting in difficulty in the interpretation of the results. Several new parameters, such as red blood cell ferritin, serum transferrin receptor test and index, and hepcidin, have been studied for their utility in indicating true iron deficiency in combination with chronic liver disease. Once iron deficiency anemia is diagnosed, it should be treated with oral or parenteral iron as well as portal pressure reducing drugs. Blood transfusion is reserved for symptomatic anemia despite iron supplementation.

Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia; chronic liver disease; cirrhosis; ferritin; hepcidin; homeostasis

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None

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