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Yu P, Rosenlof KH, Liu S, et al. Efficient transport of tropospheric aerosol into the stratosphere via the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114(27):6972-6977doi: 10.1073/pnas.1701170114.
Yu, P., Rosenlof, K. H., Liu, S., Telg, H., Thornberry, T. D., Rollins, A. W., Portmann, R. W., Bai, Z., Ray, E. A., Duan, Y., Pan, L. L., Toon, O. B., Bian, J., & Gao, R. S. (2017). Efficient transport of tropospheric aerosol into the stratosphere via the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(27), 6972-6977. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701170114
Yu, Pengfei, et al. "Efficient transport of tropospheric aerosol into the stratosphere via the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America vol. 114,27 (2017): 6972-6977. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701170114
Yu P, Rosenlof KH, Liu S, Telg H, Thornberry TD, Rollins AW, Portmann RW, Bai Z, Ray EA, Duan Y, Pan LL, Toon OB, Bian J, Gao RS. Efficient transport of tropospheric aerosol into the stratosphere via the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jul 03;114(27):6972-6977. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1701170114. Epub 2017 Jun 19. PMID: 28630285; PMCID: PMC5502608.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jul 03;114(27):6972-6977. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1701170114. Epub 2017 Jun 19.

Efficient transport of tropospheric aerosol into the stratosphere via the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Pengfei Yu, Karen H Rosenlof, Shang Liu, Hagen Telg, Troy D Thornberry, Andrew W Rollins, Robert W Portmann, Zhixuan Bai, Eric A Ray, Yunjun Duan, Laura L Pan, Owen B Toon, Jianchun Bian, Ru-Shan Gao

Affiliations

  1. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309.
  2. Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305.
  3. School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
  4. Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
  5. Kunming Meteorological Bureau, Kunming 650034, China.
  6. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301.
  7. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309.
  8. Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303.
  9. Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; [email protected].
  10. College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

PMID: 28630285 PMCID: PMC5502608 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701170114

Abstract

An enhanced aerosol layer near the tropopause over Asia during the June-September period of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) was recently identified using satellite observations. Its sources and climate impact are presently not well-characterized. To improve understanding of this phenomenon, we made in situ aerosol measurements during summer 2015 from Kunming, China, then followed with a modeling study to assess the global significance. The in situ measurements revealed a robust enhancement in aerosol concentration that extended up to 2 km above the tropopause. A climate model simulation demonstrates that the abundant anthropogenic aerosol precursor emissions from Asia coupled with rapid vertical transport associated with monsoon convection leads to significant particle formation in the upper troposphere within the ASM anticyclone. These particles subsequently spread throughout the entire Northern Hemispheric (NH) lower stratosphere and contribute significantly (∼15%) to the NH stratospheric column aerosol surface area on an annual basis. This contribution is comparable to that from the sum of small volcanic eruptions in the period between 2000 and 2015. Although the ASM contribution is smaller than that from tropical upwelling (∼35%), we find that this region is about three times as efficient per unit area and time in populating the NH stratosphere with aerosol. With a substantial amount of organic and sulfur emissions in Asia, the ASM anticyclone serves as an efficient smokestack venting aerosols to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. As economic growth continues in Asia, the relative importance of Asian emissions to stratospheric aerosol is likely to increase.

Keywords: Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer; Asian summer monsoon; pollution; small volcanoes; stratospheric aerosol

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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