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Ellis CL. HIV associated kidney diseases: Clarifying concordance between renal failure in HIV infection and histopathologic manifestations at kidney biopsy. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2017;34(4):377-383doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2017.04.009.
Ellis, C. L. (2017). HIV associated kidney diseases: Clarifying concordance between renal failure in HIV infection and histopathologic manifestations at kidney biopsy. Seminars in diagnostic pathology, 34(4), 377-383. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semdp.2017.04.009
Ellis, Carla L. "HIV associated kidney diseases: Clarifying concordance between renal failure in HIV infection and histopathologic manifestations at kidney biopsy." Seminars in diagnostic pathology vol. 34,4 (2017): 377-383. doi: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semdp.2017.04.009
Ellis CL. HIV associated kidney diseases: Clarifying concordance between renal failure in HIV infection and histopathologic manifestations at kidney biopsy. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2017 Jul;34(4):377-383. doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2017.04.009. Epub 2017 May 05. PMID: 28578979.
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Semin Diagn Pathol. 2017 Jul;34(4):377-383. doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2017.04.009. Epub 2017 May 05.

HIV associated kidney diseases: Clarifying concordance between renal failure in HIV infection and histopathologic manifestations at kidney biopsy.

Seminars in diagnostic pathology

Carla L Ellis

Affiliations

  1. Emory University Hospital and School of Medicine Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road N.E., H-194, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States. Electronic address: [email protected].

PMID: 28578979 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2017.04.009

Abstract

Patients with HIV infection have a wide spectrum of renal diseases. Some are known to be the direct effect of the viral infection while others are renal diseases that also occur in uninfected populations. HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is considered to be a subtype of primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis that is distinct in HIV infected patients. It is more frequent in the African-American population and associated with mutations of the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene. HIV associated immune complex kidney disease (HIVICD) encompasses a spectrum of HIV associated renal diseases characterized by the presence of immune complex deposition within glomeruli. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a complication of HIV infection that presents with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure. TMA in HIV patients is associated with very high mortality. Lastly, the multitude of antiretroviral drugs used for treatment of HIV infections can result in nephrotoxicity. Although a kidney biopsy may not be the first line study for renal disease, knowledge of the different histopathologic features of HIV-associated and unassociated diseases is of paramount importance in the treatment and subsequent outcome of renal function in HIV infected patients. In this review we will describe the histopathologic features and discuss the pathophysiology of the entities previously named.

Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Biopsy; HIV; HIVAN; Kidney

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