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Moström P, Ahlén E, Imberg H, et al. Adherence of self-monitoring of blood glucose in persons with type 1 diabetes in Sweden. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017;5(1):e000342doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000342.
Moström, P., Ahlén, E., Imberg, H., Hansson, P. O., & Lind, M. (2017). Adherence of self-monitoring of blood glucose in persons with type 1 diabetes in Sweden. BMJ open diabetes research & care, 5(1), e000342. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000342
Moström, Peter, et al. "Adherence of self-monitoring of blood glucose in persons with type 1 diabetes in Sweden." BMJ open diabetes research & care vol. 5,1 (2017): e000342. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000342
Moström P, Ahlén E, Imberg H, Hansson PO, Lind M. Adherence of self-monitoring of blood glucose in persons with type 1 diabetes in Sweden. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017 Apr 06;5(1):e000342. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000342. eCollection 2017. PMID: 28611921; PMCID: PMC5387961.
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BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017 Apr 06;5(1):e000342. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000342. eCollection 2017.

Adherence of self-monitoring of blood glucose in persons with type 1 diabetes in Sweden.

BMJ open diabetes research & care

Peter Moström, Elsa Ahlén, Henrik Imberg, Per-Olof Hansson, Marcus Lind

Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Alingsås Lasarett, Alingsås, Sweden.
  2. Department of Medicine, Värnamo Hospital, Värnamo, Sweden.
  3. Department of Medicine, NU Hospital Group, Uddevalla, Sweden.
  4. Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
  5. Statistiska Konsultgruppen, Gothenburg, Sweden.
  6. Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

PMID: 28611921 PMCID: PMC5387961 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000342

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim was to evaluate the extent to which persons with type 1 diabetes perform self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) according to guidelines. Secondary objectives were to investigate predictors for good SMBG adherence, reasons for non-adherence, and association between SMBG frequency and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).

METHODS: This was a survey-based cross-sectional study. Questionnaires were sent out to 600 random patients at five sites. Patients were included if they were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and ≥18 years old and excluded if they were currently using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Analysis of data was performed separately for the three sites where the answer frequency was ≥70%.

RESULTS: In total, 138 of 314 study participants, 43.9% (95% CI 38.5% to 49.4%) performed SMBG ≥4 times per day. For the three clinics where ≥70% of surveyed patients were included in the analysis, results were similar, 41.3% (95% CI 34.7% to 47.8%). Top three reported reasons for not performing more frequent SMBG were lack of time, not remembering, and self-consciousness. Frequency of SMBG was associated with HbA1c levels (p<0.0001). 30% of patients believed that ≤3 SMBG/day was recommended by healthcare providers.

CONCLUSIONS: Less than 50% of patients in Sweden follow guidelines of SMBG ≥4 times per day, despite glucose meters and strips being generally available at no cost. This indicates a need for further support in performing SMBG and increased availability of other tools for glucose monitoring.

Keywords: Blood Glucose Monitoring; Compliance/Adherence; Frequency; HbA1

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: ML reports receiving honoraria o

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