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Brain Sci. 2017 Jun 06;7(6). doi: 10.3390/brainsci7060062.

Postnatal Migration of Cerebellar Interneurons.

Brain sciences

Ludovic Galas, Magalie Bénard, Alexis Lebon, Yutaro Komuro, Damien Schapman, Hubert Vaudry, David Vaudry, Hitoshi Komuro

Affiliations

  1. Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), 76000 Rouen, France. [email protected].
  2. Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), 76000 Rouen, France. [email protected].
  3. Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), 76000 Rouen, France. [email protected].
  4. Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands. [email protected].
  5. Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), 76000 Rouen, France. [email protected].
  6. Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), 76000 Rouen, France. [email protected].
  7. Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), 76000 Rouen, France. [email protected].
  8. Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. [email protected].

PMID: 28587295 PMCID: PMC5483635 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7060062

Abstract

Due to its continuing development after birth, the cerebellum represents a unique model for studying the postnatal orchestration of interneuron migration. The combination of fluorescent labeling and ex/in vivo imaging revealed a cellular highway network within cerebellar cortical layers (the external granular layer, the molecular layer, the Purkinje cell layer, and the internal granular layer). During the first two postnatal weeks, saltatory movements, transient stop phases, cell-cell interaction/contact, and degradation of the extracellular matrix mark out the route of cerebellar interneurons, notably granule cells and basket/stellate cells, to their final location. In addition, cortical-layer specific regulatory factors such as neuropeptides (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), somatostatin) or proteins (tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1)) have been shown to inhibit or stimulate the migratory process of interneurons. These factors show further complexity because somatostatin, PACAP, or tPA have opposite or no effect on interneuron migration depending on which layer or cell type they act upon. External factors originating from environmental conditions (light stimuli, pollutants), nutrients or drug of abuse (alcohol) also alter normal cell migration, leading to cerebellar disorders.

Keywords: basket cell; cerebellar disorders; cerebellum; drug of abuse; environmental conditions; extracellular matrix; granule cell; interneuron; live-cell imaging; migration; neuropeptides; nutrients; postnatal development; stellate cell

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