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van den Berk-Clark C, Weaver TL, Schneider FD. Three Types of Intimate Relationships among Individuals with Chronic Pain and a History of Trauma Exposure. Healthcare (Basel). 2017;5(4)doi: 10.3390/healthcare5040068.
van den Berk-Clark, C., Weaver, T. L., & Schneider, F. D. (2017). Three Types of Intimate Relationships among Individuals with Chronic Pain and a History of Trauma Exposure. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 5(4), . https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare5040068
van den Berk-Clark, Carissa, et al. "Three Types of Intimate Relationships among Individuals with Chronic Pain and a History of Trauma Exposure." Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 5,4 (2017). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare5040068
van den Berk-Clark C, Weaver TL, Schneider FD. Three Types of Intimate Relationships among Individuals with Chronic Pain and a History of Trauma Exposure. Healthcare (Basel). 2017 Sep 29;5(4). doi: 10.3390/healthcare5040068. PMID: 28961164; PMCID: PMC5746702.
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Healthcare (Basel). 2017 Sep 29;5(4). doi: 10.3390/healthcare5040068.

Three Types of Intimate Relationships among Individuals with Chronic Pain and a History of Trauma Exposure.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

Carissa van den Berk-Clark, Terri L Weaver, F David Schneider

Affiliations

  1. Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA. [email protected].
  2. Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University School of Arts and Sciences, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. [email protected].
  3. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. [email protected].

PMID: 28961164 PMCID: PMC5746702 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5040068

Abstract

Individuals with chronic pain often have psychiatric disorders, such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can affect their intimate relationship satisfaction and stability. Little is known about the nature of support stemming from chronic pain patients' intimate relationships, and therefore, this study sought to: (1) use cluster modeling to construct specific intimate relationship groups based on types of support patients receive, and (2) determine if there is a relationship between support type and PTSD, chronic pain, anxiety, and depression. Ward's method of cluster analysis in Stata was used to create groups based on the level of informational, affirmation, confident, emotional, and fun support received from chronic pain patients' most intimate relationship. Three types of support were identified: high (type 1, n = 17), high emotional/low instrumental (type 2, n = 9), and unstable (type 3, n = 15). Types 1 and 3 included more family members (Type 1: 100%, Type 2: 93%), than type 2 (77%). Type 2 patients experienced more trauma (Mean = 9.4 ± 1.7 vs. 7.5 ± 0.88 for types 1 and 3) and were significantly more likely to have PTSD (X² = 7.91,

Keywords: PTSD; chronic pain; social support; trauma

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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