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Stewart RC, Honkanen JTJ, Kokkonen HT, et al. Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Enables Quantitative Evaluation of Tissue Properties at Intrajoint Regions in Cadaveric Knee Cartilage. Cartilage. 2016;8(4):391-399doi: 10.1177/1947603516665443.
Stewart, R. C., Honkanen, J. T. J., Kokkonen, H. T., Tiitu, V., Saarakkala, S., Joukainen, A., Snyder, B. D., Jurvelin, J. S., Grinstaff, M. W., & Töyräs, J. (2017). Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Enables Quantitative Evaluation of Tissue Properties at Intrajoint Regions in Cadaveric Knee Cartilage. Cartilage, 8(4), 391-399. https://doi.org/10.1177/1947603516665443
Stewart, Rachel C, et al. "Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Enables Quantitative Evaluation of Tissue Properties at Intrajoint Regions in Cadaveric Knee Cartilage." Cartilage vol. 8,4 (2017): 391-399. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1947603516665443
Stewart RC, Honkanen JTJ, Kokkonen HT, Tiitu V, Saarakkala S, Joukainen A, Snyder BD, Jurvelin JS, Grinstaff MW, Töyräs J. Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Enables Quantitative Evaluation of Tissue Properties at Intrajoint Regions in Cadaveric Knee Cartilage. Cartilage. 2017 Oct;8(4):391-399. doi: 10.1177/1947603516665443. Epub 2016 Sep 01. PMID: 28934883; PMCID: PMC5613888.
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Cartilage. 2017 Oct;8(4):391-399. doi: 10.1177/1947603516665443. Epub 2016 Sep 01.

Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Enables Quantitative Evaluation of Tissue Properties at Intrajoint Regions in Cadaveric Knee Cartilage.

Cartilage

Rachel C Stewart, Juuso T J Honkanen, Harri T Kokkonen, Virpi Tiitu, Simo Saarakkala, Antti Joukainen, Brian D Snyder, Jukka S Jurvelin, Mark W Grinstaff, Juha Töyräs

Affiliations

  1. 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
  2. 2 Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
  3. 3 Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
  4. 4 Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
  5. 5 Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
  6. 6 Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
  7. 7 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
  8. 8 Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
  9. 9 Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
  10. 10 Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.

PMID: 28934883 PMCID: PMC5613888 DOI: 10.1177/1947603516665443

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether the concentration of the anionic contrast agent ioxaglate, as quantitated by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) using a clinical cone-beam CT (CBCT) instrument, reflects biochemical, histological, and biomechanical characteristics of articular cartilage imaged in an ex vivo, intact human knee joint. Design An osteoarthritic human cadaveric knee joint (91 years old) was injected with ioxaglate (36 mg I/mL) and imaged using CBCT over 61 hours of ioxaglate diffusion into cartilage. Following imaging, the joint surfaces were excised, rinsed to remove contrast agent, and compressive stiffness (equilibrium and instantaneous compressive moduli) was measured via indentation testing ( n = 17 sites). Each site was sectioned for histology and assessed for glycosaminoglycan content using digital densitometry of Safranin-O stained sections, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for collagen content, and morphology using both the Mankin and OARSI semiquantitative scoring systems. Water content was determined using mass change after lyophilization. Results CECT attenuation at all imaging time points, including those <1 hour of ioxaglate exposure, correlated significantly ( P < 0.05) with cartilage water and glycosaminoglycan contents, Mankin score, and both equilibrium and instantaneous compressive moduli. Early time points (<30 minutes) also correlated ( P < 0.05) with collagen content and OARSI score. Differences in cartilage quality between intrajoint regions were distinguishable at diffusion equilibrium and after brief ioxaglate exposure. Conclusions CECT with ioxaglate affords biochemical and biomechanical measurements of cartilage health and performance even after short, clinically relevant exposure times, and may be useful in the clinic as a means for detecting early signs of cartilage pathology.

Keywords: cartilage imaging; cone beam computed tomography; contrast enhanced computed tomography; osteoarthritis

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