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Mongerson CRL, Jennings RW, Borsook D, et al. Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Infant Brain: Methods, Pitfalls, and Potentiality. Front Pediatr. 2017;5:159doi: 10.3389/fped.2017.00159.
Mongerson, C. R. L., Jennings, R. W., Borsook, D., Becerra, L., & Bajic, D. (2017). Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Infant Brain: Methods, Pitfalls, and Potentiality. Frontiers in pediatrics, 5159. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2017.00159
Mongerson, Chandler R L, et al. "Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Infant Brain: Methods, Pitfalls, and Potentiality." Frontiers in pediatrics vol. 5 (2017): 159. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2017.00159
Mongerson CRL, Jennings RW, Borsook D, Becerra L, Bajic D. Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Infant Brain: Methods, Pitfalls, and Potentiality. Front Pediatr. 2017 Aug 14;5:159. doi: 10.3389/fped.2017.00159. eCollection 2017. PMID: 28856131; PMCID: PMC5557740.
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Front Pediatr. 2017 Aug 14;5:159. doi: 10.3389/fped.2017.00159. eCollection 2017.

Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Infant Brain: Methods, Pitfalls, and Potentiality.

Frontiers in pediatrics

Chandler R L Mongerson, Russell W Jennings, David Borsook, Lino Becerra, Dusica Bajic

Affiliations

  1. Center for Pain and the Brain, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
  2. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
  3. Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
  4. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
  5. Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

PMID: 28856131 PMCID: PMC5557740 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00159

Abstract

Early brain development is characterized by rapid growth and perpetual reconfiguration, driven by a dynamic milieu of heterogeneous processes. Postnatal brain plasticity is associated with increased vulnerability to environmental stimuli. However, little is known regarding the ontogeny and temporal manifestations of inter- and intra-regional functional connectivity that comprise functional brain networks. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has emerged as a promising non-invasive neuroinvestigative tool, measuring spontaneous fluctuations in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal at rest that reflect baseline neuronal activity. Over the past decade, its application has expanded to infant populations providing unprecedented insight into functional organization of the developing brain, as well as early biomarkers of abnormal states. However, many methodological issues of rs-fMRI analysis need to be resolved prior to standardization of the technique to infant populations. As a primary goal, this methodological manuscript will (1) present a robust methodological protocol to extract and assess resting-state networks in early infancy using independent component analysis (ICA), such that investigators without previous knowledge in the field can implement the analysis and reliably obtain viable results consistent with previous literature; (2) review the current methodological challenges and ethical considerations associated with emerging field of infant rs-fMRI analysis; and (3) discuss the significance of rs-fMRI application in infants for future investigations of neurodevelopment in the context of early life stressors and pathological processes. The overarching goal is to catalyze efforts toward development of robust, infant-specific acquisition, and preprocessing pipelines, as well as promote greater transparency by researchers regarding methods used.

Keywords: blood oxygen level dependent; functional magnetic resonance imaging; independent component analysis; magnetic resonance imaging; neurodevelopment; pediatric; resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging; resting-state networks

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