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Cho BI, Cho MS, Kim M, et al. Observation of Reverse Saturable Absorption of an X-ray Laser. Phys Rev Lett. 2017;119(7):075002doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.075002.
Cho, B. I., Cho, M. S., Kim, M., Chung, H. K., Barbrel, B., Engelhorn, K., Burian, T., Chalupský, J., Ciricosta, O., Dakovski, G. L., Hájková, V., Holmes, M., Juha, L., Krzywinski, J., Lee, R. W., Nam, C. H., Rackstraw, D. S., Toleikis, S., Turner, J. J., Vinko, S. M., Wark, J. S., Zastrau, U., & Heimann, P. A. (2017). Observation of Reverse Saturable Absorption of an X-ray Laser. Physical review letters, 119(7), 075002. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.075002
Cho, B I, et al. "Observation of Reverse Saturable Absorption of an X-ray Laser." Physical review letters vol. 119,7 (2017): 075002. doi: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.075002
Cho BI, Cho MS, Kim M, Chung HK, Barbrel B, Engelhorn K, Burian T, Chalupský J, Ciricosta O, Dakovski GL, Hájková V, Holmes M, Juha L, Krzywinski J, Lee RW, Nam CH, Rackstraw DS, Toleikis S, Turner JJ, Vinko SM, Wark JS, Zastrau U, Heimann PA. Observation of Reverse Saturable Absorption of an X-ray Laser. Phys Rev Lett. 2017 Aug 18;119(7):075002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.075002. Epub 2017 Aug 16. PMID: 28949680.
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Phys Rev Lett. 2017 Aug 18;119(7):075002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.075002. Epub 2017 Aug 16.

Observation of Reverse Saturable Absorption of an X-ray Laser.

Physical review letters

B I Cho, M S Cho, M Kim, H-K Chung, B Barbrel, K Engelhorn, T Burian, J Chalupský, O Ciricosta, G L Dakovski, V Hájková, M Holmes, L Juha, J Krzywinski, R W Lee, Chang Hee Nam, D S Rackstraw, S Toleikis, J J Turner, S M Vinko, J S Wark, U Zastrau, P A Heimann

Affiliations

  1. Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 61005, Korea.
  2. Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea.
  3. Atomic and Molecular Data Unit, Nuclear Data Section, IAEA, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria.
  4. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
  5. Institute of Physics ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
  6. Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
  7. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
  8. Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
  9. Deutsches-Elektronensynchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany.
  10. European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany.

PMID: 28949680 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.075002

Abstract

A nonlinear absorber in which the excited state absorption is larger than the ground state can undergo a process called reverse saturable absorption. It is a well-known phenomenon in laser physics in the optical regime, but is more difficult to generate in the x-ray regime, where fast nonradiative core electron transitions typically dominate the population kinetics during light matter interactions. Here, we report the first observation of decreasing x-ray transmission in a solid target pumped by intense x-ray free electron laser pulses. The measurement has been made below the K-absorption edge of aluminum, and the x-ray intensity ranges are 10^{16} -10^{17}  W/cm^{2}. It has been confirmed by collisional radiative population kinetic calculations, underscoring the fast spectral modulation of the x-ray pulses and charge states relevant to the absorption and transmission of x-ray photons. The processes shown through detailed simulations are consistent with reverse saturable absorption, which would be the first observation of this phenomena in the x-ray regime. These light matter interactions provide a unique opportunity to investigate optical transport properties in the extreme state of matters, as well as affording the potential to regulate ultrafast x-ray free-electron laser pulses.

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