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Garg K, Khare A, Bansal R, et al. Effects of Different Contraceptive Methods on Cervico-Vaginal Cytology. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(7):EC09-EC11doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/28213.10219.
Garg, K., Khare, A., Bansal, R., Sharma, S., & Chaudhary, N. (2017). Effects of Different Contraceptive Methods on Cervico-Vaginal Cytology. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 11(7), EC09-EC11. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/28213.10219
Garg, Khushboo, et al. "Effects of Different Contraceptive Methods on Cervico-Vaginal Cytology." Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR vol. 11,7 (2017): EC09-EC11. doi: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/28213.10219
Garg K, Khare A, Bansal R, Sharma S, Chaudhary N. Effects of Different Contraceptive Methods on Cervico-Vaginal Cytology. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Jul;11(7):EC09-EC11. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/28213.10219. Epub 2017 Jul 01. PMID: 28892902; PMCID: PMC5583894.
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J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Jul;11(7):EC09-EC11. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/28213.10219. Epub 2017 Jul 01.

Effects of Different Contraceptive Methods on Cervico-Vaginal Cytology.

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR

Khushboo Garg, Anjali Khare, Rani Bansal, Sangeeta Sharma, Neha Chaudhary

Affiliations

  1. Junior Resident, Department of Pathology, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
  2. Professor, Department of Pathology, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
  3. Professor and HOD, Department of Pathology, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
  4. Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.

PMID: 28892902 PMCID: PMC5583894 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/28213.10219

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The vaginal flora of healthy adult women of reproductive age group constitutes predominantly

AIM: To study the effects of different contraceptive methods on cervical cytology and vaginal flora.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two years prospective study included 120 women of reproductive age group using barrier, tubal ligation, IUCDs, Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs) and injectable methods of contraception and a control group including 60 women not using any contraceptive. Cervical and vaginal smears were obtained. Cervical smears were reported using the Bethesda system and Gram stained vaginal smears were scored using Nugent scoring. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software for Windows Version 19.0 and test of significance applied was Chi-square test.

RESULTS: The most common contraception used was barrier (68.3%) followed by tubal ligation (14.2%), IUCD (9.2%), OCPs (6.6%) and injectable (1.7%). The presenting complaints were pain lower abdomen (46.7%) followed by menstrual complaints (22.5%). Epithelium showed reactive changes (45%) followed by metaplasia (25%), koilocytotic change (5%), cytolytic effect (5%) and satellitosis (4.2%). Women showed normal flora in 51.7%, altered in 30% and bacterial vaginosis in 18.3%.

CONCLUSION: Cervico-vaginal changes were more frequent in contraceptive users as compared to the control group.

Keywords: Bacterial vaginosis; Nugent scoring; Pap smear

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