Bioengineering (Basel). 2017 Apr 20;4(2). doi: 10.3390/bioengineering4020035.
An Approach to In Vitro Manufacturing of Hypertrophic Cartilage Matrix for Bone Repair.
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
Bach Quang Le, Clemens Van Blitterswijk, Jan De Boer
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. [email protected].
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. [email protected].
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. [email protected].
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. [email protected].
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. [email protected].
PMID: 28952514
PMCID: PMC5590482 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4020035
Abstract
Devitalized hypertrophic cartilage matrix (DCM) is an attractive concept for an off-the-shelf bone graft substitute. Upon implantation, DCM can trigger the natural endochondral ossification process, but only when the hypertrophic cartilage matrix has been reconstituted correctly. In vivo hypertrophic differentiation has been reported for multiple cell types but up-scaling and in vivo devitalization remain a big challenge. To this end, we developed a micro tissue-engineered cartilage (MiTEC) model using the chondrogenic cell line ATDC5. Micro-aggregates of ATDC5 cells (approximately 1000 cells per aggregate) were cultured on a 3% agarose mold consisting of 1585 microwells, each measuring 400 µm in diameter. Chondrogenic differentiation was strongly enhanced using media supplemented with combinations of growth factors e.g., insulin, transforming growth factor beta and dexamethasone. Next, mineralization was induced by supplying the culture medium with beta-glycerophosphate, and finally we boosted the secretion of proangiogenic growth factors using the hypoxia mimetic phenanthroline in the final stage of in vivo culture. Then, ATDC5 aggregates were devitalized by freeze/thawing or sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment before co-culturing with human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). We observed a strong effect on chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Using this MiTEC model, we were able to not only upscale the production of cartilage to a clinically relevant amount but were also able to vary the cartilage matrix composition in different ways, making MiTEC an ideal model to develop DCM as a bone graft substitute.
Keywords: Hypertrophic cartilage, ATDC5, decellularized matrix, devitalized matrix, tissue engineering, bone regeneration
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