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Valkenburg KC, De Marzo AM, Williams BO. Deletion of tumor suppressors adenomatous polyposis coli and Smad4 in murine luminal epithelial cells causes invasive prostate cancer and loss of androgen receptor expression. Oncotarget. 2017;8(46):80265-80277doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.17919.
Valkenburg, K. C., De Marzo, A. M., & Williams, B. O. (2017). Deletion of tumor suppressors adenomatous polyposis coli and Smad4 in murine luminal epithelial cells causes invasive prostate cancer and loss of androgen receptor expression. Oncotarget, 8(46), 80265-80277. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.17919
Valkenburg, Kenneth C, et al. "Deletion of tumor suppressors adenomatous polyposis coli and Smad4 in murine luminal epithelial cells causes invasive prostate cancer and loss of androgen receptor expression." Oncotarget vol. 8,46 (2017): 80265-80277. doi: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.17919
Valkenburg KC, De Marzo AM, Williams BO. Deletion of tumor suppressors adenomatous polyposis coli and Smad4 in murine luminal epithelial cells causes invasive prostate cancer and loss of androgen receptor expression. Oncotarget. 2017 May 17;8(46):80265-80277. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.17919. eCollection 2017 Oct 06. PMID: 29113300; PMCID: PMC5655195.
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Oncotarget. 2017 May 17;8(46):80265-80277. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.17919. eCollection 2017 Oct 06.

Deletion of tumor suppressors adenomatous polyposis coli and Smad4 in murine luminal epithelial cells causes invasive prostate cancer and loss of androgen receptor expression.

Oncotarget

Kenneth C Valkenburg, Angelo M De Marzo, Bart O Williams

Affiliations

  1. Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
  2. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
  3. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

PMID: 29113300 PMCID: PMC5655195 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17919

Abstract

Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed non-skin cancer in the US and kills approximately 27,000 men per year in the US. Additional genetic mouse models are needed that recapitulate the heterogeneous nature of human prostate cancer. The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway is important for human prostate tumorigenesis and metastasis, and also drives tumorigenesis in mouse models. Loss of Smad4 has also been found in human prostate cancer and drives tumorigenesis and metastasis when coupled with other genetic aberrations in mouse models. In this work, we concurrently deleted Smad4 and the tumor suppressor and endogenous Wnt/beta-catenin inhibitor adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) in luminal prostate cells in mice. This double conditional knockout model produced invasive castration-resistant prostate carcinoma with no evidence of metastasis. We observed mixed differentiation phenotypes, including basaloid and squamous differentiation. Interestingly, tumor cells in this model commonly lose androgen receptor expression. In addition, tumors disappear in these mice during androgen cycling (castration followed by testosterone reintroduction). These mice model non-metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer and should provide novel information for tumors that have genetic aberrations in the Wnt pathway or Smad4.

Keywords: Apc; basaloid; mouse model; prostate cancer; squamous

Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors have no financial conflicts of interest to disclose.

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