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Besmer MD, Sigrist JA, Props R, et al. Laboratory-Scale Simulation and Real-Time Tracking of a Microbial Contamination Event and Subsequent Shock-Chlorination in Drinking Water. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:1900doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01900.
Besmer, M. D., Sigrist, J. A., Props, R., Buysschaert, B., Mao, G., Boon, N., & Hammes, F. (2017). Laboratory-Scale Simulation and Real-Time Tracking of a Microbial Contamination Event and Subsequent Shock-Chlorination in Drinking Water. Frontiers in microbiology, 81900. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01900
Besmer, Michael D, et al. "Laboratory-Scale Simulation and Real-Time Tracking of a Microbial Contamination Event and Subsequent Shock-Chlorination in Drinking Water." Frontiers in microbiology vol. 8 (2017): 1900. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01900
Besmer MD, Sigrist JA, Props R, Buysschaert B, Mao G, Boon N, Hammes F. Laboratory-Scale Simulation and Real-Time Tracking of a Microbial Contamination Event and Subsequent Shock-Chlorination in Drinking Water. Front Microbiol. 2017 Oct 04;8:1900. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01900. eCollection 2017. PMID: 29085343; PMCID: PMC5649192.
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Front Microbiol. 2017 Oct 04;8:1900. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01900. eCollection 2017.

Laboratory-Scale Simulation and Real-Time Tracking of a Microbial Contamination Event and Subsequent Shock-Chlorination in Drinking Water.

Frontiers in microbiology

Michael D Besmer, Jürg A Sigrist, Ruben Props, Benjamin Buysschaert, Guannan Mao, Nico Boon, Frederik Hammes

Affiliations

  1. Drinking Water Microbiology Group, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
  2. Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Zürich, Switzerland.
  3. Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
  4. Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.

PMID: 29085343 PMCID: PMC5649192 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01900

Abstract

Rapid contamination of drinking water in distribution and storage systems can occur due to pressure drop, backflow, cross-connections, accidents, and bio-terrorism. Small volumes of a concentrated contaminant (e.g., wastewater) can contaminate large volumes of water in a very short time with potentially severe negative health impacts. The technical limitations of conventional, cultivation-based microbial detection methods neither allow for timely detection of such contaminations, nor for the real-time monitoring of subsequent emergency remediation measures (e.g., shock-chlorination). Here we applied a newly developed continuous, ultra high-frequency flow cytometry approach to track a rapid pollution event and subsequent disinfection of drinking water in an 80-min laboratory scale simulation. We quantified total (TCC) and intact (ICC) cell concentrations as well as flow cytometric fingerprints in parallel in real-time with two different staining methods. The ingress of wastewater was detectable almost immediately (i.e., after 0.6% volume change), significantly changing TCC, ICC, and the flow cytometric fingerprint. Shock chlorination was rapid and detected in real time, causing membrane damage in the vast majority of bacteria (i.e., drop of ICC from more than 380 cells μl

Keywords: bacterial dynamics; continuous real-time flow cytometry; disinfection; drinking water; kinetics

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