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Heynckes S, Gaebelein A, Haaker G, et al. Expression differences of programmed death ligand 1 in de-novo and recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Oncotarget. 2017;8(43):74170-74177doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18819.
Heynckes, S., Gaebelein, A., Haaker, G., Grauvogel, J., Franco, P., Mader, I., Carro, M. S., Prinz, M., Delev, D., Schnell, O., & Heiland, D. H. (2017). Expression differences of programmed death ligand 1 in de-novo and recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Oncotarget, 8(43), 74170-74177. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.18819
Heynckes, Sabrina, et al. "Expression differences of programmed death ligand 1 in de-novo and recurrent glioblastoma multiforme." Oncotarget vol. 8,43 (2017): 74170-74177. doi: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.18819
Heynckes S, Gaebelein A, Haaker G, Grauvogel J, Franco P, Mader I, Carro MS, Prinz M, Delev D, Schnell O, Heiland DH. Expression differences of programmed death ligand 1 in de-novo and recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Oncotarget. 2017 Jun 28;8(43):74170-74177. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18819. eCollection 2017 Sep 26. PMID: 29088776; PMCID: PMC5650331.
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Oncotarget. 2017 Jun 28;8(43):74170-74177. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18819. eCollection 2017 Sep 26.

Expression differences of programmed death ligand 1 in de-novo and recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.

Oncotarget

Sabrina Heynckes, Annette Gaebelein, Gerrit Haaker, Jürgen Grauvogel, Pamela Franco, Irina Mader, Maria Stella Carro, Marco Prinz, Daniel Delev, Oliver Schnell, Dieter Henrik Heiland

Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
  2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
  3. Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
  4. BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
  5. Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

PMID: 29088776 PMCID: PMC5650331 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18819

Abstract

The biology of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a dynamic process influenced by selection pressure induced by different antitumoural therapies. The poor clinical outcome of tumours in the recurrent stage necessitates the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Checkpoint-inhibition (PD1/PD-L1 Inhibition) is a hallmark of immunotherapy being investigated in ongoing clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to analyse the

Keywords: GBM; PD-L1; immune checkpoints; recurrent GBM

Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors state no conflicts of interest.

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