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Cantinotti M, Giordano R, Paterni M, et al. Adult echocardiographic nomograms: overview, critical review and creation of a software for automatic, fast and easy calculation of normal values. J Thorac Dis. 2017;9(12):5404-5422doi: 10.21037/jtd.2017.11.26.
Cantinotti, M., Giordano, R., Paterni, M., Saura, D., Scalese, M., Franchi, E., Assanta, N., Koestenberg, M., Dulgheru, R., Sugimoto, T., Bernard, A., Caballero, L., & Lancellotti, P. (2017). Adult echocardiographic nomograms: overview, critical review and creation of a software for automatic, fast and easy calculation of normal values. Journal of thoracic disease, 9(12), 5404-5422. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2017.11.26
Cantinotti, Massimiliano, et al. "Adult echocardiographic nomograms: overview, critical review and creation of a software for automatic, fast and easy calculation of normal values." Journal of thoracic disease vol. 9,12 (2017): 5404-5422. doi: https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2017.11.26
Cantinotti M, Giordano R, Paterni M, Saura D, Scalese M, Franchi E, Assanta N, Koestenberg M, Dulgheru R, Sugimoto T, Bernard A, Caballero L, Lancellotti P. Adult echocardiographic nomograms: overview, critical review and creation of a software for automatic, fast and easy calculation of normal values. J Thorac Dis. 2017 Dec;9(12):5404-5422. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2017.11.26. PMID: 29312752; PMCID: PMC5757044.
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J Thorac Dis. 2017 Dec;9(12):5404-5422. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2017.11.26.

Adult echocardiographic nomograms: overview, critical review and creation of a software for automatic, fast and easy calculation of normal values.

Journal of thoracic disease

Massimiliano Cantinotti, Raffaele Giordano, Marco Paterni, Daniel Saura, Marco Scalese, Eliana Franchi, Nadia Assanta, Martin Koestenberg, Raluca Dulgheru, Tadafumi Sugimoto, Anne Bernard, Luis Caballero, Patrizio Lancellotti

Affiliations

  1. Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Massa and Pisa, Italy.
  2. Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.
  3. Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
  4. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
  5. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
  6. University of Liège hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Science, Heart Valve Clinic, Imaging Cardiology, Liège, Belgium.
  7. Department of University Cardiology, University of Milano School of Medicine, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
  8. CHU Tours, France et Université de Tours, Tours, France.
  9. Department of Cardiology, Cardio-Oncology Clinic, University of Liège Hospital, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.
  10. Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy.

PMID: 29312752 PMCID: PMC5757044 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.11.26

Abstract

There is a crescent interest on normal adult echocardiographic values and the introduction of new deformation imaging and 3D parameters pose the issue of normative data. A multitude of nomograms has been recently published, however data are often fragmentary, difficult to find, and their strengths/limitations have been never evaluated.

AIMS: (I) to provide a review of current echocardiographic nomograms; (II) to generate a tool for easy and fast access to these data. A literature search was conducted accessing the National Library of Medicine using the keywords: 2D/3D echocardiography, strain, left/right ventricle, atrial, mitral/tricuspid valve, aorta, reference values/nomograms/normal values. Adding the following keywords, the results were further refined: range/intervals, myocardial velocity, strain rate and speckle tracking. Forty one published studies were included. Our study reveals that for several of 2D/3D parameters sufficient normative data exist, however, a few limitations still persist. For some basic parameters (i.e., mitral/tricuspid/pulmonary valves, great vessels) and for 3D valves data are scarce. There is a lack of studies evaluating ethnic differences. Data have been generally expressed as mean values normalised for gender and age instead of computing models incorporating different variables (age/gender/body sizes) to calculate z scores. To summarize results a software (

Keywords: 2D Doppler echocardiography; 3D echocardiography; normal values; strain

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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