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J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2016 Mar 22;3(1). doi: 10.3390/jcdd3010010.

Probing the Electrophysiology of the Developing Heart.

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease

Michiko Watanabe, Andrew M Rollins, Luis Polo-Parada, Pei Ma, Shi Gu, Michael W Jenkins

Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. [email protected].
  2. Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. [email protected].
  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. [email protected].
  4. Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA. [email protected].
  5. Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA. [email protected].
  6. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. [email protected].
  7. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. [email protected].
  8. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. [email protected].
  9. Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. [email protected].

PMID: 29367561 PMCID: PMC5715694 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3010010

Abstract

Many diseases that result in dysfunction and dysmorphology of the heart originate in the embryo. However, the embryonic heart presents a challenging subject for study: especially challenging is its electrophysiology. Electrophysiological maturation of the embryonic heart without disturbing its physiological function requires the creation and deployment of novel technologies along with the use of classical techniques on a range of animal models. Each tool has its strengths and limitations and has contributed to making key discoveries to expand our understanding of cardiac development. Further progress in understanding the mechanisms that regulate the normal and abnormal development of the electrophysiology of the heart requires integration of this functional information with the more extensively elucidated structural and molecular changes.

Keywords: His-Purkinje system; atrioventricular junction; atrioventricular node; cardiac conduction system; cardiovascular development; electrodes; electrophysiology; optical mapping; optical pacing; sinoatrial node

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