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Front Microbiol. 2018 Jan 17;8:2675. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02675. eCollection 2017.

Functional Repertoire of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Antibiotic Manufacturing Effluents and Receiving Freshwater Sediments.

Frontiers in microbiology

Juan J González-Plaza, Ana Šimatović, Milena Milaković, Ana Bielen, Fabienne Wichmann, Nikolina Udiković-Kolić

Affiliations

  1. Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ru?er Boškovi? Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
  2. Division of Molecular Biology, Ru?er Boškovi? Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
  3. Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
  4. Independent Researcher, Lausanne, Switzerland.

PMID: 29387045 PMCID: PMC5776109 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02675

Abstract

Environments polluted by direct discharges of effluents from antibiotic manufacturing are important reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which could potentially be transferred to human pathogens. However, our knowledge about the identity and diversity of ARGs in such polluted environments remains limited. We applied functional metagenomics to explore the resistome of two Croatian antibiotic manufacturing effluents and sediments collected upstream of and at the effluent discharge sites. Metagenomic libraries built from an azithromycin-production site were screened for resistance to macrolide antibiotics, whereas the libraries from a site producing veterinary antibiotics were screened for resistance to sulfonamides, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and beta-lactams. Functional analysis of eight libraries identified a total of 82 unique, often clinically relevant ARGs, which were frequently found in clusters and flanked by mobile genetic elements. The majority of macrolide resistance genes identified from matrices exposed to high levels of macrolides were similar to known genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins, macrolide phosphotransferases, and transporters. Potentially novel macrolide resistance genes included one most similar to a 23S rRNA methyltransferase from

Keywords: antibiotic pollution; antibiotic resistance; effluent; functional metagenomics; macrolides; manufacturing; sediment

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