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Front Oncol. 2018 Mar 19;8:72. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00072. eCollection 2018.

The Biology and Therapeutic Implications of Tumor Dormancy and Reactivation.

Frontiers in oncology

Amit S Yadav, Poonam R Pandey, Ramesh Butti, N N V Radharani, Shamayita Roy, Shaileshkumar R Bhalara, Mahadeo Gorain, Gopal C Kundu, Dhiraj Kumar

Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India.
  2. Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
  3. Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.

PMID: 29616190 PMCID: PMC5868535 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00072

Abstract

Advancements in the early detection of cancer coupled with improved surgery, radiotherapy, and adjuvant therapy led to substantial increase in patient survival. Nevertheless, cancer metastasis is the leading cause of death in several cancer patients. The majority of these deaths are associated with metastatic relapse kinetics after a variable period of clinical remission. Most of the cancer recurrences are thought to be associated with the reactivation of dormant disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). In this review, we have summarized the cellular and molecular mechanisms related to DTCs and the role of microenvironmental niche. These mechanisms regulate the dormant state and help in the reactivation, which leads to metastatic outgrowth. Identification of novel therapeutic targets to eliminate these dormant tumor cells will be highly useful in controlling the metastatic relapse-related death with several cancers.

Keywords: cancer metastasis; dormancy; epithelial to mesenchymal transition; reactivation; tumor microenvironment

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