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Hartner JP, Schrader LA. Interaction of Norepinephrine and Glucocorticoids Modulate Inhibition of Principle Cells of Layer II Medial Entorhinal Cortex in Male Mice. Front Synaptic Neurosci. 2018;10:3doi: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00003.
Hartner, J. P., & Schrader, L. A. (2018). Interaction of Norepinephrine and Glucocorticoids Modulate Inhibition of Principle Cells of Layer II Medial Entorhinal Cortex in Male Mice. Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience, 103. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00003
Hartner, Jeremiah P, and Schrader, Laura A. "Interaction of Norepinephrine and Glucocorticoids Modulate Inhibition of Principle Cells of Layer II Medial Entorhinal Cortex in Male Mice." Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience vol. 10 (2018): 3. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00003
Hartner JP, Schrader LA. Interaction of Norepinephrine and Glucocorticoids Modulate Inhibition of Principle Cells of Layer II Medial Entorhinal Cortex in Male Mice. Front Synaptic Neurosci. 2018 Mar 28;10:3. doi: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00003. eCollection 2018. PMID: 29643800; PMCID: PMC5883071.
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Front Synaptic Neurosci. 2018 Mar 28;10:3. doi: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00003. eCollection 2018.

Interaction of Norepinephrine and Glucocorticoids Modulate Inhibition of Principle Cells of Layer II Medial Entorhinal Cortex in Male Mice.

Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience

Jeremiah P Hartner, Laura A Schrader

Affiliations

  1. Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.
  2. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.

PMID: 29643800 PMCID: PMC5883071 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00003

Abstract

Spatial memory processing requires functional interaction between the hippocampus and the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). The grid cells of the MEC are most abundant in layer II and rely on a complex network of local inhibitory interneurons to generate spatial firing properties. Stress can cause spatial memory deficits in males, but the specific underlying mechanisms affecting the known memory pathways remain unclear. Stress activates both the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to release norepinephrine (NE) and glucocorticoids, respectively. Given that adrenergic receptor (AR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression is abundant in the MEC, both glucocorticoids and NE released in response to stress may have rapid effects on MEC-LII networks. We used whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology in MEC slice preparations from male mice to test the effects of NE and glucocorticoids on inhibitory synaptic inputs of MEC-LII principal cells. Application of NE (100 μM) increased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents (sIPSCs) in approximately 75% of the principal cells tested. Unlike NE, bath application of dexamethasone (Dex, 1 μM), a synthetic glucocorticoid, or corticosterone (1 μM) the glucocorticoid in rodents, rapidly decreased the frequency of sIPSCs, but not miniature (mIPSCs) in MEC-LII principal cells. Interestingly, pre-treatment with Dex prior to NE application led to an NE-induced increase in sIPSC frequency in all cells tested. This effect was mediated by the α1-AR, as application of an α1-AR agonist, phenylephrine (PHE) yielded the same results, suggesting that a subset of cells in MEC-LII are unresponsive to α1-AR activation without prior activation of GR. We conclude that activation of GRs primes a subset of principal cells that were previously insensitive to NE to become responsive to α1-AR activation in a transcription-independent manner. These findings demonstrate the ability of stress hormones to markedly alter inhibitory signaling within MEC-LII circuits and suggest the intriguing possibility of modulation of network processing upstream of the hippocampus.

Keywords: grid cells; inhibitory interneurons; memory; psychological; pyramidal cells; slice preparation; stellate cells; stress

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