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Salaheldin AH, Kasbohm E, El-Naggar H, et al. Potential Biological and Climatic Factors That Influence the Incidence and Persistence of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus in Egypt. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:528doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00528.
Salaheldin, A. H., Kasbohm, E., El-Naggar, H., Ulrich, R., Scheibner, D., Gischke, M., Hassan, M. K., Arafa, A. A., Hassan, W. M., Abd El-Hamid, H. S., Hafez, H. M., Veits, J., Mettenleiter, T. C., & Abdelwhab, E. M. (2018). Potential Biological and Climatic Factors That Influence the Incidence and Persistence of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus in Egypt. Frontiers in microbiology, 9528. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00528
Salaheldin, Ahmed H, et al. "Potential Biological and Climatic Factors That Influence the Incidence and Persistence of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus in Egypt." Frontiers in microbiology vol. 9 (2018): 528. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00528
Salaheldin AH, Kasbohm E, El-Naggar H, Ulrich R, Scheibner D, Gischke M, Hassan MK, Arafa AA, Hassan WM, Abd El-Hamid HS, Hafez HM, Veits J, Mettenleiter TC, Abdelwhab EM. Potential Biological and Climatic Factors That Influence the Incidence and Persistence of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus in Egypt. Front Microbiol. 2018 Mar 27;9:528. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00528. eCollection 2018. PMID: 29636730; PMCID: PMC5880882.
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Front Microbiol. 2018 Mar 27;9:528. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00528. eCollection 2018.

Potential Biological and Climatic Factors That Influence the Incidence and Persistence of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus in Egypt.

Frontiers in microbiology

Ahmed H Salaheldin, Elisa Kasbohm, Heba El-Naggar, Reiner Ulrich, David Scheibner, Marcel Gischke, Mohamed K Hassan, Abdel-Satar A Arafa, Wafaa M Hassan, Hatem S Abd El-Hamid, Hafez M Hafez, Jutta Veits, Thomas C Mettenleiter, Elsayed M Abdelwhab

Affiliations

  1. Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
  2. Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
  3. Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt.
  4. Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
  5. Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
  6. National Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
  7. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt.

PMID: 29636730 PMCID: PMC5880882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00528

Abstract

Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus (A/H5N1) of clade 2.2.1 is endemic in poultry in Egypt where the highest number of human infections worldwide was reported. During the last 12 years the Egyptian A/H5N1 evolved into several genotypes. In 2007-2014 vaccinated poultry suffered from antigenic drift variants of clade 2.2.1.1 and in 2014/2015 an unprecedented upsurge of A/H5N1 clade 2.2.1.2 occurred in poultry and humans. Factors contributing to the endemicity or re-emergence of A/H5N1 in poultry in Egypt remain unclear. Here, three potential factors were studied: climatic factors (temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed), biological fitness

Keywords: Egypt; H5N1; clade 2.2.1; ducks; epidemiology; highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; meteorological factors; poultry

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