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Fousekis FS, Theopistos VI, Katsanos KH, et al. Hepatobiliary Manifestations and Complications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review. Gastroenterology Res. 2018;11(2):83-94doi: 10.14740/gr990w.
Fousekis, F. S., Theopistos, V. I., Katsanos, K. H., Tsianos, E. V., & Christodoulou, D. K. (2018). Hepatobiliary Manifestations and Complications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review. Gastroenterology research, 11(2), 83-94. https://doi.org/10.14740/gr990w
Fousekis, Fotios S, et al. "Hepatobiliary Manifestations and Complications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review." Gastroenterology research vol. 11,2 (2018): 83-94. doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/gr990w
Fousekis FS, Theopistos VI, Katsanos KH, Tsianos EV, Christodoulou DK. Hepatobiliary Manifestations and Complications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review. Gastroenterology Res. 2018 Apr;11(2):83-94. doi: 10.14740/gr990w. Epub 2018 Apr 07. PMID: 29707074; PMCID: PMC5916631.
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Gastroenterology Res. 2018 Apr;11(2):83-94. doi: 10.14740/gr990w. Epub 2018 Apr 07.

Hepatobiliary Manifestations and Complications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review.

Gastroenterology research

Fotios S Fousekis, Vasileios I Theopistos, Konstantinos H Katsanos, Epameinondas V Tsianos, Dimitrios K Christodoulou

Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical School of Ioannina, Greece.

PMID: 29707074 PMCID: PMC5916631 DOI: 10.14740/gr990w

Abstract

Liver and biliary track diseases are common extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), reported both in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and may occur at any time during the natural course of the disease. Their etiology is mainly related to pathophysiological changes induced by IBD, and secondary, due to drugs used in IBD. Fatty liver is considered as the most frequent hepatobiliary manifestation in IBD, while primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is the most correlated hepatobiliary disorder and is more prevalent in patients with ulcerative colitis. PSC can cause serious complications from the liver, biliary tree, and gallbladder and can lead to liver failure. Less frequently, IBD-associated hepatobiliary manifestations include cholelithiasis, granulomatous hepatitis, portal vein thrombosis, IgG4-related cholangiopathy, pyogenic liver abscess, hepatic amyloidosis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Most of the drugs used for IBD treatment may cause liver toxicity. Methotrexate and thiopurines carry the higher risk for hepatotoxicity, and in many cases, dose adjustment may normalize the liver biochemical tests. Reactivation of hepatitis B and C virus during immunosuppressive use, especially during use of biological agents, is a major concern, and adequate screening, vaccination and prophylactic treatment is warranted.

Keywords: Extraintestinal manifestations; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Hepatotoxicity; Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Conflict of interest statement

None of the authors has any conflict of interest to report that may be related to this submission.

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