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Vuijk R, Arntz A. Schema therapy as treatment for adults with autism spectrum disorder and comorbid personality disorder: Protocol of a multiple-baseline case series study testing cognitive-behavioral and experiential interventions. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2017;5:80-85doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2017.01.001.
Vuijk, R., & Arntz, A. (2017). Schema therapy as treatment for adults with autism spectrum disorder and comorbid personality disorder: Protocol of a multiple-baseline case series study testing cognitive-behavioral and experiential interventions. Contemporary clinical trials communications, 580-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2017.01.001
Vuijk, Richard, and Arntz, Arnoud. "Schema therapy as treatment for adults with autism spectrum disorder and comorbid personality disorder: Protocol of a multiple-baseline case series study testing cognitive-behavioral and experiential interventions." Contemporary clinical trials communications vol. 5 (2017): 80-85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2017.01.001
Vuijk R, Arntz A. Schema therapy as treatment for adults with autism spectrum disorder and comorbid personality disorder: Protocol of a multiple-baseline case series study testing cognitive-behavioral and experiential interventions. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2017 Jan 06;5:80-85. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2017.01.001. eCollection 2017 Mar. PMID: 29740624; PMCID: PMC5936690.
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Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2017 Jan 06;5:80-85. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2017.01.001. eCollection 2017 Mar.

Schema therapy as treatment for adults with autism spectrum disorder and comorbid personality disorder: Protocol of a multiple-baseline case series study testing cognitive-behavioral and experiential interventions.

Contemporary clinical trials communications

Richard Vuijk, Arnoud Arntz

Affiliations

  1. Sarr Expertise Centre for Autism, Oudedijk 76, 3062 AG Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
  2. University of Amsterdam, Postbus 15933, 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

PMID: 29740624 PMCID: PMC5936690 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2017.01.001

Abstract

BACKGROUND: To our knowledge treatment of personality disorder (PD) comorbidity in adults with ASD is understudied and is still in its infancy. This study investigates the effectiveness of schema therapy for PD-psychopathology in adult patients with both ASD and PD.

METHODS/DESIGN: Twelve adult individuals (age > 18 years) with ASD and at least one PD are given a treatment protocol consisting of 30 weekly offered sessions. A concurrent multiple baseline design is used with baseline varying from 4 to 9 weeks, after which weekly supportive sessions varying from 1 to 6 weeks start with the study therapist. After baseline and 1 to 6 supportive sessions, a 5-week exploration phase follows with weekly sessions during which current and past functioning, psychological symptoms, and schema modes are explored, and information about the treatment is given. This is followed by 15 weekly sessions with cognitive-behavioral interventions and 15 weekly sessions with experiential interventions: patients are vice versa and randomly assigned to the interventions. Finally, there is a 10-month follow-up phase with monthly booster sessions. Participants are randomly assigned to baseline length, and report weekly during treatment and monthly at follow-up on Belief Strength of negative core beliefs, and fill out SMI, SCL-90 and SRS-A 7 times during screening procedure (i.e. before baseline), after supportive sessions, after exploration, after cognitive and behavioral interventions, after experiential interventions, and after 5- and 10- month follow-up. The SCID-II is administered during screening procedure, at 5- and at 10-month follow-up.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Netherlands National Trial Register NTR5788. Registered 01 April 2016.

Keywords: ABA, Applied Behavior Analysis; APA, American Psychiatric Association; AS, Asperger's disorder; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; Autism spectrum disorder; CBT, Cognitive behavioral therapy; CET, Cognitive enhancement therapy; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; IQ, Intelligence quotient; Multiple-baseline case series study; N.S., not significant; PD, personality disorder; PDs, personality disorders; Personality disorder; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SCID-II, Structured Clinical Interview for Axis II Personality Disorders; SCL-90, Symptom Check List; SMI, Schema Mode Inventory; SRS-A, Social Responsiveness Scale – Adult version; Schema therapy; VAS, visual analogue scales

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