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Qiu Q, Shao T, He Y, et al. Applying real-time quantitative PCR to diagnosis of freemartin in Holstein cattle by quantifying . PeerJ. 2018;6:e4616doi: 10.7717/peerj.4616.
Qiu, Q., Shao, T., He, Y., Muhammad, A. U., Cao, B., & Su, H. (2018). Applying real-time quantitative PCR to diagnosis of freemartin in Holstein cattle by quantifying . PeerJ, 6e4616. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4616
Qiu, Qinghua, et al. "Applying real-time quantitative PCR to diagnosis of freemartin in Holstein cattle by quantifying ." PeerJ vol. 6 (2018): e4616. doi: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4616
Qiu Q, Shao T, He Y, Muhammad AU, Cao B, Su H. Applying real-time quantitative PCR to diagnosis of freemartin in Holstein cattle by quantifying . PeerJ. 2018 Apr 27;6:e4616. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4616. eCollection 2018. PMID: 29719732; PMCID: PMC5926548.
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PeerJ. 2018 Apr 27;6:e4616. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4616. eCollection 2018.

Applying real-time quantitative PCR to diagnosis of freemartin in Holstein cattle by quantifying .

PeerJ

Qinghua Qiu, Taoqi Shao, Yang He, Aziz-Ur-Rahman Muhammad, Binghai Cao, Huawei Su

Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
  2. University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

PMID: 29719732 PMCID: PMC5926548 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4616

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Freemartinism generally occurs in female offspring of dizygotic twins in a mixed-sex pregnancy. Most bovine heterosexual twin females are freemartins. However, about 10% of bovine heterosexual twin females are fertile. Farmers mostly cull bovine fertile heterosexual twin females due to the lack of a practical diagnostic approach. Culling of such animals results in economic and genetic-material losses both for dairy and beef industry.

METHODS: In this study, a comparative test, including qualitative detection of

RESULTS: Polymerase chain reaction results revealed that

DISCUSSION: Our results show that relative content of

Keywords: Freemartin; H-Y antigen; Heterosexual twin female; SRY; qPCR

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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