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Tripathi A, Debelius J, Brenner DA, et al. The gut-liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;15(7):397-411doi: 10.1038/s41575-018-0011-z.
Tripathi, A., Debelius, J., Brenner, D. A., Karin, M., Loomba, R., Schnabl, B., & Knight, R. (2018). The gut-liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome. Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 15(7), 397-411. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-018-0011-z
Tripathi, Anupriya, et al. "The gut-liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome." Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology vol. 15,7 (2018): 397-411. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-018-0011-z
Tripathi A, Debelius J, Brenner DA, Karin M, Loomba R, Schnabl B, Knight R. The gut-liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Jul;15(7):397-411. doi: 10.1038/s41575-018-0011-z. PMID: 29748586; PMCID: PMC6319369.
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Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Jul;15(7):397-411. doi: 10.1038/s41575-018-0011-z.

The gut-liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome.

Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology

Anupriya Tripathi, Justine Debelius, David A Brenner, Michael Karin, Rohit Loomba, Bernd Schnabl, Rob Knight

Affiliations

  1. Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
  2. Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
  3. Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
  4. NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
  5. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
  6. Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
  7. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
  8. Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
  9. Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. [email protected].
  10. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. [email protected].
  11. Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. [email protected].

PMID: 29748586 PMCID: PMC6319369 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0011-z

Abstract

In the past decade, an exciting realization has been that diverse liver diseases - ranging from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma - fall along a spectrum. Work on the biology of the gut-liver axis has assisted in understanding the basic biology of both alcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Of immense importance is the advancement in understanding the role of the microbiome, driven by high-throughput DNA sequencing and improved computational techniques that enable the complexity of the microbiome to be interrogated, together with improved experimental designs. Here, we review gut-liver communications in liver disease, exploring the molecular, genetic and microbiome relationships and discussing prospects for exploiting the microbiome to determine liver disease stage and to predict the effects of pharmaceutical, dietary and other interventions at a population and individual level. Although much work remains to be done in understanding the relationship between the microbiome and liver disease, rapid progress towards clinical applications is being made, especially in study designs that complement human intervention studies with mechanistic work in mice that have been humanized in multiple respects, including the genetic, immunological and microbiome characteristics of individual patients. These 'avatar mice' could be especially useful for guiding new microbiome-based or microbiome-informed therapies.

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