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Shtaya A, Roach J, Sadek AR, et al. Image guidance and improved accuracy of external ventricular drain tip position particularly in patients with small ventricles. J Neurosurg. 2018;1-6doi: 10.3171/2017.11.JNS171892.
Shtaya, A., Roach, J., Sadek, A. R., Gaastra, B., Hempenstall, J., & Bulters, D. (2018). Image guidance and improved accuracy of external ventricular drain tip position particularly in patients with small ventricles. Journal of neurosurgery, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.11.JNS171892
Shtaya, Anan, et al. "Image guidance and improved accuracy of external ventricular drain tip position particularly in patients with small ventricles." Journal of neurosurgery vol. (2018): 1-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.11.JNS171892
Shtaya A, Roach J, Sadek AR, Gaastra B, Hempenstall J, Bulters D. Image guidance and improved accuracy of external ventricular drain tip position particularly in patients with small ventricles. J Neurosurg. 2018 May 01;1-6. doi: 10.3171/2017.11.JNS171892. Epub 2018 May 01. PMID: 29749916.
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J Neurosurg. 2018 May 01;1-6. doi: 10.3171/2017.11.JNS171892. Epub 2018 May 01.

Image guidance and improved accuracy of external ventricular drain tip position particularly in patients with small ventricles.

Journal of neurosurgery

Anan Shtaya, Joy Roach, Ahmed-Ramadan Sadek, Benjamin Gaastra, Jonathan Hempenstall, Diederik Bulters

Affiliations

  1. 1Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton; and.
  2. 2Neurosciences Research Centre, St. George's, University of London, United Kingdom.

PMID: 29749916 DOI: 10.3171/2017.11.JNS171892

Abstract

OBJECTIVEExternal ventricular drain (EVD) insertion is one of the most common emergency neurosurgical procedures. EVDs are traditionally inserted freehand (FH) in an emergency setting, but often result in suboptimal positioning. Image-guided surgery (IGS) is selectively used to assist placement. However, the accuracy and practicality of IGS use is yet to be reported. In this study, the authors set out to assess if IGS is practical and improves the accuracy of EVD placement.METHODSCase notes and images obtained in patients who underwent frontal EVD placement were retrospectively reviewed. Ventriculomegaly was determined by the measurement of the Evans index. EVD location was classified as optimal (ipsilateral frontal horn) or suboptimal (any other location). Propensity score matching of the two groups (IGS vs FH) for the Evans index was performed. Data were analyzed for patient age, diagnosis, number of EVDs, and complications. Those without postoperative CT scans were excluded.RESULTSA total of 607 patients with 760 EVDs placed were identified; 331 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 287 were inserted FH, and 44 were placed with IGS; 60.6% of all unmatched FH EVDs were optimal compared with 75% of the IGS group (p = 0.067). The IGS group had a significantly smaller Evans index (p < 0.0001). Propensity score matching demonstrated improved optimal position in the IGS group when compared with the matched FH group (75% vs 43.2%, OR 4.6 [1.5-14.6]; p = 0.002). Patients with an Evans index of ≥ 0.36 derived less benefit (75% in IGS vs 66% in FH, p = 0.5), and those with an Evans index < 0.36 derived more benefit (75% in IGS vs 53% in FH, p = 0.024). The overall EVD complication rate was 36% in the FH group versus 18% in the IGS group (p = 0.056). Revision rates were higher in the FH group (p = 0.035), and the operative times were similar (p = 0.69). Long intracranial EVD catheters were associated with tip malposition irrespective of the group.CONCLUSIONSImage guidance is practical and improves the accuracy of EVD placement in patients with small ventricles; thus, it should be considered for these patients.

Keywords: EVD = external ventricular drain; Evans index; FH = freehand; IGS = image-guided surgery; ST1–3 = surgical trainees in years 1–3; ST4–8 = surgical trainees in years 4–8; external ventricular drain; freehand; hydrocephalus; image guidance; surgical technique

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