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Ye CJ, Regan S, Liu G, et al. Understanding aneuploidy in cancer through the lens of system inheritance, fuzzy inheritance and emergence of new genome systems. Mol Cytogenet. 2018;11:31doi: 10.1186/s13039-018-0376-2.
Ye, C. J., Regan, S., Liu, G., Alemara, S., & Heng, H. H. (2018). Understanding aneuploidy in cancer through the lens of system inheritance, fuzzy inheritance and emergence of new genome systems. Molecular cytogenetics, 1131. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13039-018-0376-2
Ye, Christine J, et al. "Understanding aneuploidy in cancer through the lens of system inheritance, fuzzy inheritance and emergence of new genome systems." Molecular cytogenetics vol. 11 (2018): 31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13039-018-0376-2
Ye CJ, Regan S, Liu G, Alemara S, Heng HH. Understanding aneuploidy in cancer through the lens of system inheritance, fuzzy inheritance and emergence of new genome systems. Mol Cytogenet. 2018 May 10;11:31. doi: 10.1186/s13039-018-0376-2. eCollection 2018. PMID: 29760781; PMCID: PMC5946397.
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Mol Cytogenet. 2018 May 10;11:31. doi: 10.1186/s13039-018-0376-2. eCollection 2018.

Understanding aneuploidy in cancer through the lens of system inheritance, fuzzy inheritance and emergence of new genome systems.

Molecular cytogenetics

Christine J Ye, Sarah Regan, Guo Liu, Sarah Alemara, Henry H Heng

Affiliations

  1. 1The Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
  2. 2Center for Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
  3. 3Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.

PMID: 29760781 PMCID: PMC5946397 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-018-0376-2

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In the past 15 years, impressive progress has been made to understand the molecular mechanism behind aneuploidy, largely due to the effort of using various -omics approaches to study model systems (e.g. yeast and mouse models) and patient samples, as well as the new realization that chromosome alteration-mediated genome instability plays the key role in cancer. As the molecular characterization of the causes and effects of aneuploidy progresses, the search for the general mechanism of how aneuploidy contributes to cancer becomes increasingly challenging: since aneuploidy can be linked to diverse molecular pathways (in regards to both cause and effect), the chances of it being cancerous is highly context-dependent, making it more difficult to study than individual molecular mechanisms. When so many genomic and environmental factors can be linked to aneuploidy, and most of them not commonly shared among patients, the practical value of characterizing additional genetic/epigenetic factors contributing to aneuploidy decreases.

RESULTS: Based on the fact that cancer typically represents a complex adaptive system, where there is no linear relationship between lower-level agents (such as each individual gene mutation) and emergent properties (such as cancer phenotypes), we call for a new strategy based on the evolutionary mechanism of aneuploidy in cancer, rather than continuous analysis of various individual molecular mechanisms. To illustrate our viewpoint, we have briefly reviewed both the progress and challenges in this field, suggesting the incorporation of an evolutionary-based mechanism to unify diverse molecular mechanisms. To further clarify this rationale, we will discuss some key concepts of the genome theory of cancer evolution, including system inheritance, fuzzy inheritance, and cancer as a newly emergent cellular system.

CONCLUSION: Illustrating how aneuploidy impacts system inheritance, fuzzy inheritance and the emergence of new systems is of great importance. Such synthesis encourages efforts to apply the principles/approaches of complex adaptive systems to ultimately understand aneuploidy in cancer.

Keywords: Adaptive system; Aneuploidy; Cancer evolution; Complexity; Emergence of new genome; Fuzzy inheritance; Genome theory; Non-clonal chromosome aberrations (NCCAs); Punctuated evolution; System inheritance

Conflict of interest statement

N/AThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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