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Zookeys. 2018 May 17;(759):1-27. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.759.24584. eCollection 2018.

An automated device for the digitization and 3D modelling of insects, combining extended-depth-of-field and all-side multi-view imaging.

ZooKeys

Bernhard Ströbel, Sebastian Schmelzle, Nico Blüthgen, Michael Heethoff

Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Schöfferstr. 3, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany.
  2. Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.

PMID: 29853774 PMCID: PMC5968080 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.759.24584

Abstract

Digitization of natural history collections is a major challenge in archiving biodiversity. In recent years, several approaches have emerged, allowing either automated digitization, extended depth of field (EDOF) or multi-view imaging of insects. Here, we present DISC3D: a new digitization device for pinned insects and other small objects that combines all these aspects. A PC and a microcontroller board control the device. It features a sample holder on a motorized two-axis gimbal, allowing the specimens to be imaged from virtually any view. Ambient, mostly reflection-free illumination is ascertained by two LED-stripes circularly installed in two hemispherical white-coated domes (front-light and back-light). The device is equipped with an industrial camera and a compact macro lens, mounted on a motorized macro rail. EDOF images are calculated from an image stack using a novel calibrated scaling algorithm that meets the requirements of the pinhole camera model (a unique central perspective). The images can be used to generate a calibrated and real color texturized 3Dmodel by 'structure from motion' with a visibility consistent mesh generation. Such models are ideal for obtaining morphometric measurement data in 1D, 2D and 3D, thereby opening new opportunities for trait-based research in taxonomy, phylogeny, eco-physiology, and functional ecology.

Keywords: 3D modelling; DISC3D; Focus stacking; morphometry; photogrammetry; structure from motion

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