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Front Oncol. 2018 Jun 05;8:203. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00203. eCollection 2018.

Cancer Stem Cell Metabolism and Potential Therapeutic Targets.

Frontiers in oncology

Vusala Snyder, Tamika C Reed-Newman, Levi Arnold, Sufi Mary Thomas, Shrikant Anant

Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
  2. Department of General Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
  3. Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
  4. Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.

PMID: 29922594 PMCID: PMC5996058 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00203

Abstract

Malignant tumors contain heterogeneous populations of cells in various states of proliferation and differentiation. The presence of cancer stem or initiating cells is a well-established concept wherein quiescent and poorly differentiated cells within a tumor mass contribute to drug resistance, and under permissive conditions, are responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis. A number of studies have identified molecular markers that are characteristic of tissue-specific cancer stem cells (CSCs). Isolation of CSCs has enabled studies on the metabolic status of CSCs. As metabolic plasticity is a hallmark of cancer cell adaptation, the intricacies of CSC metabolism and their phenotypic behavior are critical areas of research. Unlike normal stem cells, which rely heavily on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) as their primary source of energy, or cancer cells, which are primarily glycolytic, CSCs demonstrate a unique metabolic flexibility. CSCs can switch between OXPHOS and glycolysis in the presence of oxygen to maintain homeostasis and, thereby, promote tumor growth. Here, we review key factors that impact CSC metabolic phenotype including heterogeneity of CSCs across different histologic tumor types, tissue-specific variations, tumor microenvironment, and CSC niche. Furthermore, we discuss how targeting key players of glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways has shown promising results in cancer eradication and attenuation of disease recurrence in preclinical models. In addition, we highlight studies on other potential therapeutic targets including complex interactions within the microenvironment and cellular communications in the CSC niche to interfere with CSC growth, resistance, and metastasis.

Keywords: cancer stem cell markers; metabolism; microenvironment; stem cells; targets

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