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Front Immunol. 2018 Jun 25;9:1465. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01465. eCollection 2018.

Regulation of the Immune Response by the Inflammatory Metabolic Microenvironment in the Context of Allotransplantation.

Frontiers in immunology

Nicolas Degauque, Carole Brosseau, Sophie Brouard

Affiliations

  1. CRTI UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
  2. Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.

PMID: 29988548 PMCID: PMC6026640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01465

Abstract

Antigen challenge induced by allotransplantation results in the activation of T and B cells, followed by their differentiation and proliferation to mount an effective immune response. Metabolic fitness has been shown to be crucial for supporting the major shift from quiescent to active immune cells and for tuning the immune response. Metabolic reprogramming includes regulation of the balance between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration processes. Recent research has shed new light on the functions served by the end products of metabolism such as lactate, acetate, and ATP. At enhanced local concentrations, these metabolites have complex effects in which they not only induce T and B cell responses, cell mobility, and cytokine secretion but also favor the resolution of inflammation by promoting regulatory functions. Such mechanisms are instrumental in the context of the immune response in transplantation, not only to protect the graft and/or eliminate cells targeting it but also to maintain cell homeostasis

Keywords: B cells; T lymphocytes; acetate; adenosine triphosphatases; allotransplantation; immunometabolism; inflammation; lactic acid

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