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Nakamura R, Varsani A, Genestreti KJ, et al. Multiscale Currents Observed by MMS in the Flow Braking Region. J Geophys Res Space Phys. 2018;123(2):1260-1278doi: 10.1002/2017JA024686.
Nakamura, R., Varsani, A., Genestreti, K. J., Le Contel, O., Nakamura, T., Baumjohann, W., Nagai, T., Artemyev, A., Birn, J., Sergeev, V. A., Apatenkov, S., Ergun, R. E., Fuselier, S. A., Gershman, D. J., Giles, B. J., Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Lindqvist, P. A., Magnes, W., Mauk, B., Petrukovich, A., Russell, C. T., Stawarz, J., Strangeway, R. J., Anderson, B., Burch, J. L., Bromund, K. R., Cohen, I., Fischer, D., Jaynes, A., Kepko, L., Le, G., Plaschke, F., Reeves, G., Singer, H. J., Slavin, J. A., Torbert, R. B., & Turner, D. L. (2018). Multiscale Currents Observed by MMS in the Flow Braking Region. Journal of geophysical research. Space physics, 123(2), 1260-1278. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024686
Nakamura, Rumi, et al. "Multiscale Currents Observed by MMS in the Flow Braking Region." Journal of geophysical research. Space physics vol. 123,2 (2018): 1260-1278. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024686
Nakamura R, Varsani A, Genestreti KJ, Le Contel O, Nakamura T, Baumjohann W, Nagai T, Artemyev A, Birn J, Sergeev VA, Apatenkov S, Ergun RE, Fuselier SA, Gershman DJ, Giles BJ, Khotyaintsev YV, Lindqvist PA, Magnes W, Mauk B, Petrukovich A, Russell CT, Stawarz J, Strangeway RJ, Anderson B, Burch JL, Bromund KR, Cohen I, Fischer D, Jaynes A, Kepko L, Le G, Plaschke F, Reeves G, Singer HJ, Slavin JA, Torbert RB, Turner DL. Multiscale Currents Observed by MMS in the Flow Braking Region. J Geophys Res Space Phys. 2018 Feb;123(2):1260-1278. doi: 10.1002/2017JA024686. Epub 2018 Feb 20. PMID: 29938154; PMCID: PMC5993344.
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J Geophys Res Space Phys. 2018 Feb;123(2):1260-1278. doi: 10.1002/2017JA024686. Epub 2018 Feb 20.

Multiscale Currents Observed by MMS in the Flow Braking Region.

Journal of geophysical research. Space physics

Rumi Nakamura, Ali Varsani, Kevin J Genestreti, Olivier Le Contel, Takuma Nakamura, Wolfgang Baumjohann, Tsugunobu Nagai, Anton Artemyev, Joachim Birn, Victor A Sergeev, Sergey Apatenkov, Robert E Ergun, Stephen A Fuselier, Daniel J Gershman, Barbara J Giles, Yuri V Khotyaintsev, Per-Arne Lindqvist, Werner Magnes, Barry Mauk, Anatoli Petrukovich, Christopher T Russell, Julia Stawarz, Robert J Strangeway, Brian Anderson, James L Burch, Ken R Bromund, Ian Cohen, David Fischer, Allison Jaynes, Laurence Kepko, Guan Le, Ferdinand Plaschke, Geoff Reeves, Howard J Singer, James A Slavin, Roy B Torbert, Drew L Turner

Affiliations

  1. Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz Austria.
  2. Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique/UPMC Univ Paris 06/University Paris-Sud/Observatoire de Paris Paris France.
  3. Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan.
  4. Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences University of California Los Angeles CA USA.
  5. Space Science Institute Boulder CO USA.
  6. Earth's Physics Department St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia.
  7. Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder CO USA.
  8. Southwest Research Institute San Antonio TX USA.
  9. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA.
  10. Swedish Institute of Space Physics Uppsala Sweden.
  11. Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden.
  12. Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University Laurel MD USA.
  13. Space Research Institute (IKI) RAS Moscow Russia.
  14. Department of Physics Imperial College London London UK.
  15. LANL, CSES Los Alamos NM USA.
  16. NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center Boulder CO USA.
  17. Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA.
  18. Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA.
  19. Space Sciences Department Aerospace Corporation Los Angeles CA USA.

PMID: 29938154 PMCID: PMC5993344 DOI: 10.1002/2017JA024686

Abstract

We present characteristics of current layers in the off-equatorial near-Earth plasma sheet boundary observed with high time-resolution measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission during an intense substorm associated with multiple dipolarizations. The four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft, separated by distances of about 50 km, were located in the southern hemisphere in the dusk portion of a substorm current wedge. They observed fast flow disturbances (up to about 500 km/s), most intense in the dawn-dusk direction. Field-aligned currents were observed initially within the expanding plasma sheet, where the flow and field disturbances showed the distinct pattern expected in the braking region of localized flows. Subsequently, intense thin field-aligned current layers were detected at the inner boundary of equatorward moving flux tubes together with Earthward streaming hot ions. Intense Hall current layers were found adjacent to the field-aligned currents. In particular, we found a Hall current structure in the vicinity of the Earthward streaming ion jet that consisted of mixed ion components, that is, hot unmagnetized ions, cold E × B drifting ions, and magnetized electrons. Our observations show that both the near-Earth plasma jet diversion and the thin Hall current layers formed around the reconnection jet boundary are the sites where diversion of the perpendicular currents take place that contribute to the observed field-aligned current pattern as predicted by simulations of reconnection jets. Hence, multiscale structure of flow braking is preserved in the field-aligned currents in the off-equatorial plasma sheet and is also translated to ionosphere to become a part of the substorm field-aligned current system.

Keywords: Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS); field‐aligned current; flow braking; magnetic reconnection; plasma sheet boundary

References

  1. Geophys Res Lett. 2016 Jun 28;43(12):6012-6019 - PubMed

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