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Sustain Sci. 2017;12(6):911-919. doi: 10.1007/s11625-016-0383-3. Epub 2016 Jul 18.

Integration: the key to implementing the Sustainable Development Goals.

Sustainability science

Mark Stafford-Smith, David Griggs, Owen Gaffney, Farooq Ullah, Belinda Reyers, Norichika Kanie, Bjorn Stigson, Paul Shrivastava, Melissa Leach, Deborah O'Connell

Affiliations

  1. 1CSIRO, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia.
  2. Future Earth (FutureEarth.org), Montreal, Canada.
  3. 3Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC Australia.
  4. 4Warwick University, Coventry, UK.
  5. 5Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
  6. Stakeholder Forum, Unit 60, 49 Effra Road, London, SW2 1BZ UK.
  7. 7Keio University, 5322 Endoh, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882 Japan.
  8. Stigson Partners, Herrgårdsbacken 5, 131 50 Saltsjö-Duvnäs, Sweden.
  9. Future Earth, Suite 1020, 1250 Guy Street, Montreal, QC H3H 2T4 Canada.
  10. 10Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
  11. 11Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RE UK.

PMID: 30147763 PMCID: PMC6086249 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-016-0383-3

Abstract

On 25 September, 2015, world leaders met at the United Nations in New York, where they adopted the Sustainable Development Goals. These 17 goals and 169 targets set out an agenda for sustainable development for all nations that embraces economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection. Now, the agenda moves from agreeing the goals to implementing and ultimately achieving them. Across the goals, 42 targets focus on means of implementation, and the final goal, Goal 17, is entirely devoted to means of implementation. However, these implementation targets are largely silent about interlinkages and interdependencies among goals. This leaves open the possibility of perverse outcomes and unrealised synergies. We demonstrate that there must be greater attention on interlinkages in three areas: across

Keywords: Governance; Human well-being; Integration; Means of implementation; Sustainable Development Goals; Trade-offs and synergies

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