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Skendros P, Mitroulis I, Ritis K. Autophagy in Neutrophils: From Granulopoiesis to Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2018;6:109doi: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00109.
Skendros, P., Mitroulis, I., & Ritis, K. (2018). Autophagy in Neutrophils: From Granulopoiesis to Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 6109. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2018.00109
Skendros, Panagiotis, et al. "Autophagy in Neutrophils: From Granulopoiesis to Neutrophil Extracellular Traps." Frontiers in cell and developmental biology vol. 6 (2018): 109. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2018.00109
Skendros P, Mitroulis I, Ritis K. Autophagy in Neutrophils: From Granulopoiesis to Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2018 Sep 04;6:109. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00109. eCollection 2018. PMID: 30234114; PMCID: PMC6131573.
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Front Cell Dev Biol. 2018 Sep 04;6:109. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00109. eCollection 2018.

Autophagy in Neutrophils: From Granulopoiesis to Neutrophil Extracellular Traps.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

Panagiotis Skendros, Ioannis Mitroulis, Konstantinos Ritis

Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
  2. First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
  3. Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
  4. National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany.

PMID: 30234114 PMCID: PMC6131573 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00109

Abstract

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular degradation system aiming to maintain cell homeostasis in response to cellular stress. At physiological states, basal or constitutive level of autophagy activity is usually low; however, it is markedly up-regulated in response to oxidative stress, nutrient starvation, and various immunological stimuli including pathogens. Many studies over the last years have indicated the implication of autophagy in a plethora of cell populations and functions. In this review, we focus on the role of autophagy in the biology of neutrophils. Early studies provided a link between autophagy and neutrophil cell death, a process essential for resolution of inflammation. Since then, several lines of evidence both in the human system and in murine models propose a critical role for autophagy in neutrophil-driven inflammation and defense against pathogens. Autophagy is essential for major neutrophil functions, including degranulation, reactive oxygen species production, and release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Going back to neutrophil generation in the bone marrow, autophagy plays a critical role in myelopoiesis, driving the differentiation of progenitor cells of the myeloid lineage toward neutrophils. Taken together, in this review we discuss the functional role of autophagy in neutrophils throughout their life, from their production in the bone marrow to inflammatory responses and NETotic cell death.

Keywords: autophagy; degranulation; granulopoiesis; inflammation; neutrophil; neutrophil extracellular traps; phagocytosis

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