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De Souza LA, Ferreira JB, Schein ASO, et al. Optimization of Vagal Stimulation Protocol Based on Spontaneous Breathing Rate. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1341doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01341.
De Souza, L. A., Ferreira, J. B., Schein, A. S. O., Dartora, D. R., Casali, A. G., Scassola, C. M. C., Tobaldini, E., Montano, N., Guzzetti, S., Porta, A., Irigoyen, M. C., & Casali, K. R. (2018). Optimization of Vagal Stimulation Protocol Based on Spontaneous Breathing Rate. Frontiers in physiology, 91341. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01341
De Souza, Liliane Appratto, et al. "Optimization of Vagal Stimulation Protocol Based on Spontaneous Breathing Rate." Frontiers in physiology vol. 9 (2018): 1341. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01341
De Souza LA, Ferreira JB, Schein ASO, Dartora DR, Casali AG, Scassola CMC, Tobaldini E, Montano N, Guzzetti S, Porta A, Irigoyen MC, Casali KR. Optimization of Vagal Stimulation Protocol Based on Spontaneous Breathing Rate. Front Physiol. 2018 Sep 26;9:1341. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01341. eCollection 2018. PMID: 30319449; PMCID: PMC6168675.
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Front Physiol. 2018 Sep 26;9:1341. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01341. eCollection 2018.

Optimization of Vagal Stimulation Protocol Based on Spontaneous Breathing Rate.

Frontiers in physiology

Liliane Appratto De Souza, Janaina Barcellos Ferreira, Andressa Silveira de Oliveira Schein, Daniela Ravizzoni Dartora, Adenauer Girardi Casali, Catharina M Carvalho Scassola, Eleonora Tobaldini, Nicola Montano, Stefano Guzzetti, Alberto Porta, Maria Claudia Irigoyen, Karina Rabello Casali

Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul, University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
  2. Hypertension Division, Medicine School, Heart Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.
  3. Department of Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
  4. Department of Clinical Science, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
  5. Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
  6. Department of Cardiothoracic, Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.

PMID: 30319449 PMCID: PMC6168675 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01341

Abstract

Controlled breathing maneuver is being widely applied for cardiovascular autonomic control evaluation and cardiac vagal activation through reduction of breathing rate (BR). However, this maneuver presented contradictory results depending on the protocol and the chosen BR. These variations may be related to the individual intrinsic profile baseline sympathetic tonus, as described before by others. In this study, we evaluated the effect of controlled breathing maneuver on cardiovascular autonomic control in 26 healthy subjects allocated into two protocols: (1) controlled breathing in three different rates (10, 15, and 20 breaths/min) and (2) controlled breathing in rates normalized by the individual spontaneous breathing rate (SBR) at 100, 80, 70, and 50%. Our results showed autonomic responses favorable to vagal modulation with the lower BR maneuvers. Nevertheless, while this activation was variable using the standard protocol, all participants of the normalized protocol demonstrated an increase of vagal modulation at 80% BR (HFnu 80 = 67.5% vs. 48.2%,

Keywords: autonomic nervous system; controlled breathing; heart rate variability; spectral analysis; vagal stimulation

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