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Pietsch RB, Grothe H, Hanlon R, et al. Wind-driven spume droplet production and the transport of . PeerJ. 2018;6:e5663doi: 10.7717/peerj.5663.
Pietsch, R. B., Grothe, H., Hanlon, R., Powers, C. W., Jung, S., Ross, S. D., & Schmale Iii, D. G. (2018). Wind-driven spume droplet production and the transport of . PeerJ, 6e5663. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5663
Pietsch, Renee B, et al. "Wind-driven spume droplet production and the transport of ." PeerJ vol. 6 (2018): e5663. doi: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5663
Pietsch RB, Grothe H, Hanlon R, Powers CW, Jung S, Ross SD, Schmale Iii DG. Wind-driven spume droplet production and the transport of . PeerJ. 2018 Sep 26;6:e5663. doi: 10.7717/peerj.5663. eCollection 2018. PMID: 30280035; PMCID: PMC6163035.
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PeerJ. 2018 Sep 26;6:e5663. doi: 10.7717/peerj.5663. eCollection 2018.

Wind-driven spume droplet production and the transport of .

PeerJ

Renee B Pietsch, Hinrich Grothe, Regina Hanlon, Craig W Powers, Sunghwan Jung, Shane D Ross, David G Schmale Iii

Affiliations

  1. Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America.
  2. School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America.
  3. Institute of Materials Chemistry (E165), TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
  4. Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America.
  5. Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America.

PMID: 30280035 PMCID: PMC6163035 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5663

Abstract

Natural aquatic environments such as oceans, lakes, and rivers are home to a tremendous diversity of microorganisms. Some may cross the air-water interface within droplets and become airborne, with the potential to impact the Earth's radiation budget, precipitation processes, and spread of disease. Larger droplets are likely to return to the water or adjacent land, but smaller droplets may be suspended in the atmosphere for transport over long distances. Here, we report on a series of controlled laboratory experiments to quantify wind-driven droplet production from a freshwater source for low wind speeds. The rate of droplet production increased quadratically with wind speed above a critical value (10-m equivalent 5.7 m/s) where droplet production initiated. Droplet diameter and ejection speeds were fit by a gamma distribution. The droplet mass flux and momentum flux increased with wind speed. Two mechanisms of droplet production, bubble bursting and fragmentation, yielded different distributions for diameter, speed, and angle. At a wind speed of about 3.5 m/s, aqueous suspensions of the ice-nucleating bacterium

Keywords: Aerosol; Air-water interface; Aquatic microbiology; Bacteria; Bioprecipitation; Bubble bursting; Droplet; Ice nucleation; Pseudomonas syringae; Wind

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare there are no competing interests.

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