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Pfeifhofer-Obermair C, Tymoszuk P, Petzer V, et al. Iron in the Tumor Microenvironment-Connecting the Dots. Front Oncol. 2018;8:549doi: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00549.
Pfeifhofer-Obermair, C., Tymoszuk, P., Petzer, V., Weiss, G., & Nairz, M. (2018). Iron in the Tumor Microenvironment-Connecting the Dots. Frontiers in oncology, 8549. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2018.00549
Pfeifhofer-Obermair, Christa, et al. "Iron in the Tumor Microenvironment-Connecting the Dots." Frontiers in oncology vol. 8 (2018): 549. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2018.00549
Pfeifhofer-Obermair C, Tymoszuk P, Petzer V, Weiss G, Nairz M. Iron in the Tumor Microenvironment-Connecting the Dots. Front Oncol. 2018 Nov 26;8:549. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00549. eCollection 2018. PMID: 30534534; PMCID: PMC6275298.
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Front Oncol. 2018 Nov 26;8:549. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00549. eCollection 2018.

Iron in the Tumor Microenvironment-Connecting the Dots.

Frontiers in oncology

Christa Pfeifhofer-Obermair, Piotr Tymoszuk, Verena Petzer, Günter Weiss, Manfred Nairz

Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
  2. Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

PMID: 30534534 PMCID: PMC6275298 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00549

Abstract

Iron metabolism and tumor biology are intimately linked. Iron facilitates the production of oxygen radicals, which may either result in iron-induced cell death, ferroptosis, or contribute to mutagenicity and malignant transformation. Once transformed, malignant cells require high amounts of iron for proliferation. In addition, iron has multiple regulatory effects on the immune system, thus affecting tumor surveillance by immune cells. For these reasons, inconsiderate iron supplementation in cancer patients has the potential of worsening disease course and outcome. On the other hand, chronic immune activation in the setting of malignancy alters systemic iron homeostasis and directs iron fluxes into myeloid cells. While this response aims at withdrawing iron from tumor cells, it may impair the effector functions of tumor-associated macrophages and will result in iron-restricted erythropoiesis and the development of anemia, subsequently. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the interconnections of iron homeostasis with cancer biology, discusses current clinical controversies in the treatment of anemia of cancer and focuses on the potential roles of iron in the solid tumor microenvironment, also speculating on yet unknown molecular mechanisms.

Keywords: ACD; TAM; anemia of cancer; ferroptosis; hepcidin; iron

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