Display options
Cite
Waterloo SF, Baumgartner SE, Peter J, et al. Norms of online expressions of emotion: Comparing Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp. New Media Soc. 2017;20(5):1813-1831doi: 10.1177/1461444817707349.
Waterloo, S. F., Baumgartner, S. E., Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2018). Norms of online expressions of emotion: Comparing Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp. New media & society, 20(5), 1813-1831. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817707349
Waterloo, Sophie F, et al. "Norms of online expressions of emotion: Comparing Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp." New media & society vol. 20,5 (2018): 1813-1831. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817707349
Waterloo SF, Baumgartner SE, Peter J, Valkenburg PM. Norms of online expressions of emotion: Comparing Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp. New Media Soc. 2018 May;20(5):1813-1831. doi: 10.1177/1461444817707349. Epub 2017 May 23. PMID: 30581358; PMCID: PMC6256717.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

New Media Soc. 2018 May;20(5):1813-1831. doi: 10.1177/1461444817707349. Epub 2017 May 23.

Norms of online expressions of emotion: Comparing Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp.

New media & society

Sophie F Waterloo, Susanne E Baumgartner, Jochen Peter, Patti M Valkenburg

Affiliations

  1. University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

PMID: 30581358 PMCID: PMC6256717 DOI: 10.1177/1461444817707349

Abstract

The main aim of this study was to examine the norms of expressing emotions on social media. Specifically, the perceived appropriateness (i.e. injunctive norms) of expressing six discrete emotions (i.e. sadness, anger, disappointment, worry, joy, and pride) was investigated across four different social media platforms. Drawing on data collected in March 2016 among 1201 young Dutch users (15-25 years), we found that positive expressions were generally perceived as more appropriate than negative expressions across all platforms. In line with the objective of the study, some platform differences were found. The expression of negative emotions was rated as most appropriate for WhatsApp, followed by Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. For positive emotion expression, perceived appropriateness was highest for WhatsApp, followed by Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. Additionally, some gender differences were found, while age showed little variations. Overall, the results contribute to a more informed understanding of emotion expression online.

Keywords: Internet; positivity bias; self-disclosure; self-expression; social context; social network sites

References

  1. Psychophysiology. 2000 Jan;37(1):13-20 - PubMed
  2. Child Dev. 2002 Nov-Dec;73(6):1830-43 - PubMed
  3. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2007 Jun;10(3):339-45 - PubMed
  4. Psychol Sci. 2010 Mar;21(3):372-4 - PubMed
  5. J Adolesc Health. 2011 Feb;48(2):121-7 - PubMed
  6. Depress Anxiety. 2011 Jun;28(6):447-55 - PubMed
  7. J Soc Psychol. 1990 Aug;130(4):467-76 - PubMed
  8. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2012 Oct;15(10):569-72 - PubMed
  9. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2015 May;18(5):247-52 - PubMed
  10. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2012 May;7(3):203-20 - PubMed
  11. Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1995;41(4):281-97 - PubMed

Publication Types