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Slota LA, Miranda EM, McClay DR, et al. Spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression during neurogenesis in the sea urchin . Evodevo. 2019;10:2doi: 10.1186/s13227-019-0115-8.
Slota, L. A., Miranda, E. M., McClay, D. R., & Franke, M. L. (2019). Spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression during neurogenesis in the sea urchin . EvoDevo, 102. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-019-0115-8
Slota, Leslie A, et al. "Spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression during neurogenesis in the sea urchin ." EvoDevo vol. 10 (2019): 2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-019-0115-8
Slota LA, Miranda EM, McClay DR, Franke ML. Spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression during neurogenesis in the sea urchin . Evodevo. 2019 Feb 12;10:2. doi: 10.1186/s13227-019-0115-8. eCollection 2019. PMID: 30792836; PMCID: PMC6371548.
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Evodevo. 2019 Feb 12;10:2. doi: 10.1186/s13227-019-0115-8. eCollection 2019.

Spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression during neurogenesis in the sea urchin .

EvoDevo

Leslie A Slota, Esther M Miranda, David R McClay, Franke

Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Duke University, 124 Science Dr., Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708 USA.

PMID: 30792836 PMCID: PMC6371548 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-019-0115-8

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The sea urchin is a basal deuterostome that is more closely related to vertebrates than many organisms traditionally used to study neurogenesis. This phylogenetic position means that the sea urchin can provide insights into the evolution of the nervous system by helping resolve which developmental processes are deuterostome innovations, which are innovations in other clades, and which are ancestral. However, the nervous system of echinoderms is one of the least understood of all major metazoan phyla. To gain insights into echinoderm neurogenesis, spatial and temporal gene expression data are essential. Then, functional data will enable the building of a detailed gene regulatory network for neurogenesis in the sea urchin that can be compared across metazoans to resolve questions about how nervous systems evolved.

RESULTS: Here, we analyze spatiotemporal gene expression during sea urchin neurogenesis for genes that have been shown to be neurogenic in one or more species. We report the expression of 21 genes expressed in areas of neurogenesis in the sea urchin embryo from blastula stage (just before neural progenitors begin their specification sequence) through pluteus larval stage (when much of the nervous system has been patterned). Among those 21 gene expression patterns, we report expression of 11 transcription factors and 2 axon guidance genes, each expressed in discrete domains in the neuroectoderm or in the endoderm. Most of these genes are expressed in and around the ciliary band. Some including the transcription factors

CONCLUSIONS: This study builds a foundation to study how neurons are specified and evolved by analyzing spatial and temporal gene expression during neurogenesis in a basal deuterostome. With these expression patterns, we will be able to understand what genes are required for neural development in the sea urchin. These data can be used as a starting point to (1) build a spatial gene regulatory network for sea urchin neurogenesis, (2) identify how subtypes of neurons are specified, (3) perform comparative studies with the sea urchin, protostome, and vertebrate organisms.

Keywords: Gene regulatory state; Neural specification; Neurogenesis; Sea urchin

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