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Cancers (Basel). 2019 Mar 20;11(3). doi: 10.3390/cancers11030393.

FOXK2 Transcription Factor and Its Emerging Roles in Cancer.

Cancers

Gabriela Nestal de Moraes, Luciana da Torre Carneiro, Raquel Ciuvalschi Maia, Eric Wing-Fai Lam, Andrew David Sharrocks

Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA), Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6° andar, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 20230 130, Brazil. [email protected].
  2. Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA), Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6° andar, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 20230 130, Brazil. [email protected].
  3. Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA), Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6° andar, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 20230 130, Brazil. [email protected].
  4. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK. [email protected].
  5. Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. [email protected].

PMID: 30897782 PMCID: PMC6468357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030393

Abstract

Forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors compose a large family of regulators of key biological processes within a cell. FOXK2 is a member of FOX family, whose biological functions remain relatively unexplored, despite its description in the early nineties. More recently, growing evidence has been pointing towards a role of FOXK2 in cancer, which is likely to be context-dependent and tumour-specific. Here, we provide an overview of important aspects concerning the mechanisms of regulation of FOXK2 expression and function, as well as its complex interactions at the chromatin level, which orchestrate how it differentially regulates the expression of gene targets in pathophysiology. Particularly, we explore the emerging functions of FOXK2 as a regulator of a broad range of cancer features, such as cell proliferation and survival, DNA damage, metabolism, migration, invasion and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the prognostic value of assessing FOXK2 expression in cancer patients and how it can be potentially targeted for future anticancer interventions.

Keywords: FOXK2 transcription factor; cancer; forkhead box; transcriptional activity

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