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Lima LCD, Miranda AS, Ferreira RN, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy: Lessons from preclinical studies. World J Hepatol. 2019;11(2):173-185doi: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i2.173.
Lima, L. C. D., Miranda, A. S., Ferreira, R. N., Rachid, M. A., & Simões E Silva, A. C. (2019). Hepatic encephalopathy: Lessons from preclinical studies. World journal of hepatology, 11(2), 173-185. https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v11.i2.173
Lima, Luiza Cioglia Dias, et al. "Hepatic encephalopathy: Lessons from preclinical studies." World journal of hepatology vol. 11,2 (2019): 173-185. doi: https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v11.i2.173
Lima LCD, Miranda AS, Ferreira RN, Rachid MA, Simões E Silva AC. Hepatic encephalopathy: Lessons from preclinical studies. World J Hepatol. 2019 Feb 27;11(2):173-185. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i2.173. PMID: 30820267; PMCID: PMC6393717.
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World J Hepatol. 2019 Feb 27;11(2):173-185. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i2.173.

Hepatic encephalopathy: Lessons from preclinical studies.

World journal of hepatology

Luiza Cioglia Dias Lima, Aline Silva Miranda, Rodrigo Novaes Ferreira, Milene Alvarenga Rachid, Ana Cristina Simões E Silva

Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brasil.
  2. Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brasil.
  3. Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brasil. [email protected].

PMID: 30820267 PMCID: PMC6393717 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i2.173

Abstract

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major complication that is closely related to the progression of end-stage liver disease. Metabolic changes in advanced liver failure can promote cognition impairment, attention deficits and motor dysfunction that may result in coma and death. HE can be subdivided according to the type of hepatic injury, namely, type A, which results from acute liver failure, type B, which is associated with a portosystemic shunting without intrinsic liver disease, and type C, which is due to chronic liver disease. Several studies have investigated the pathogenesis of the disease, and most of the mechanisms have been explored using animal models. This article aimed to review the use of preclinical models to investigate HE. The most used animal species are rats and mice. Experimental models of type A HE include surgical procedures and the administration of hepatotoxic medications, whereas models of types B and C HE are generally surgically induced lesions in liver tissue, which evolve to hepatic cirrhosis. Preclinical models have allowed the comprehension of the pathways related to HE.

Keywords: Acute liver failure; Hepatic cirrhosis; Hepatic encephalopathy; Hyperammonemia; Neuroinflammation; Preclinical studies

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest.

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