Display options
Cite
Faull OK, Dearlove DJ, Clarke K, et al. Beyond RPE: The Perception of Exercise Under Normal and Ketotic Conditions. Front Physiol. 2019;10:229doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00229.
Faull, O. K., Dearlove, D. J., Clarke, K., & Cox, P. J. (2019). Beyond RPE: The Perception of Exercise Under Normal and Ketotic Conditions. Frontiers in physiology, 10229. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00229
Faull, Olivia K, et al. "Beyond RPE: The Perception of Exercise Under Normal and Ketotic Conditions." Frontiers in physiology vol. 10 (2019): 229. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00229
Faull OK, Dearlove DJ, Clarke K, Cox PJ. Beyond RPE: The Perception of Exercise Under Normal and Ketotic Conditions. Front Physiol. 2019 Mar 19;10:229. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00229. eCollection 2019. PMID: 30941052; PMCID: PMC6433983.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Front Physiol. 2019 Mar 19;10:229. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00229. eCollection 2019.

Beyond RPE: The Perception of Exercise Under Normal and Ketotic Conditions.

Frontiers in physiology

Olivia K Faull, David J Dearlove, Kieran Clarke, Pete J Cox

Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
  2. Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

PMID: 30941052 PMCID: PMC6433983 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00229

Abstract

AIM: Subjective perceptions of exercising exertion are integral to maintaining homeostasis. Traditional methods have utilized scores of 'rating of perceived exertion' (RPE) to quantify these subjective perceptions, and here we aimed to test whether RPE may encompass identifiable localized perceptions from the lungs (breathlessness) and legs (leg discomfort), as well as their corresponding measures of anxiety. We utilized the intervention of ketoacidosis (via consumption of an exogenous ketone ester drink) to independently perturb exercise-related metabolites and humoral signals, thus allowing us to additionally identify the possible contributing physiological signals to each of these perceptions.

METHODS: Twelve trained volunteers underwent two incremental bicycle ergometer tests to exhaustion, following ingestion of either an exogenous ketone ester or a taste-matched placebo drink. Cardiorespiratory measures, blood samples and perceived exertion scales were taken throughout. Firstly, two-way repeated-measures ANOVAs were employed to identify the overall effects of ketoacidosis, followed by generalized linear mixed model regression to isolate physiological predictors contributing to each perception.

RESULTS: Rating of perceived exertion was found to contain contributions from localized perceptions of breathlessness and leg discomfort, with no measurable effect of ketoacidosis on overall exertion. Leg discomfort, anxiety of breathing and anxiety of leg discomfort were increased during ketoacidosis, and correspondingly contained pH within their prediction models. Anxiety of leg discomfort also encompassed additional humoral signals of blood glucose and ketone concentrations.

CONCLUSION: These results indicate the presence of localized components of RPE in the form of breathlessness and leg discomfort. Furthermore, subjective perceptions of anxiety appear to result from a complex interplay of humoral signals, which may be evolutionarily important when monitoring exertion under times of metabolic stress, such as during starvation.

Keywords: RPE; anxiety; exercise; ketoacidosis; perception

References

  1. Nurs Res. 2001 May-Jun;50(3):136-46 - PubMed
  2. Sports Med. 2001;31(13):935-52 - PubMed
  3. Am J Clin Hypn. 1976 Jan;18(3):182-90 - PubMed
  4. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003 Jun;94(6):2181-7 - PubMed
  5. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2003 Aug;13(4):500-5 - PubMed
  6. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004 Apr;96(4):1571-2; author reply 1572-3 - PubMed
  7. Chest. 2005 Nov;128(5):3345-9 - PubMed
  8. Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Aug 15;60(4):383-7 - PubMed
  9. Annu Rev Nutr. 2006;26:1-22 - PubMed
  10. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Jun 15;177(12):1384-90 - PubMed
  11. Br J Sports Med. 2009 Jun;43(6):392-400 - PubMed
  12. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010 Aug;20(4):644-50 - PubMed
  13. Res Nurs Health. 2010 Feb;33(1):4-19 - PubMed
  14. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2012 Jul;63(2):196-208 - PubMed
  15. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2012 Aug;63(3):401-8 - PubMed
  16. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Feb;100(2):636-43 - PubMed
  17. Sports Med. 2015 Sep;45(9):1235-1243 - PubMed
  18. AAPS J. 2016 May;18(3):678-88 - PubMed
  19. Front Physiol. 2016 Jun 16;7:231 - PubMed
  20. Cell Metab. 2016 Aug 9;24(2):256-68 - PubMed
  21. Front Physiol. 2017 Oct 30;8:848 - PubMed
  22. Med Sci Sports. 1973 Summer;5(2):90-3 - PubMed
  23. N Engl J Med. 1970 Mar 19;282(12):668-75 - PubMed
  24. J Appl Physiol. 1972 Jan;32(1):134-7 - PubMed
  25. Acta Physiol Scand. 1971 Nov;83(3):399-406 - PubMed
  26. Nord Med. 1970 Jan 15;83(3):89 - PubMed
  27. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1970;2(2):92-8 - PubMed
  28. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 1968;79:13-20 - PubMed
  29. J Clin Invest. 1967 Oct;46(10):1589-95 - PubMed
  30. Physiol Rev. 1980 Jan;60(1):143-87 - PubMed
  31. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14(5):377-81 - PubMed
  32. Experientia. 1996 May 15;52(5):416-20 - PubMed
  33. Chest. 1996 Dec;110(6):1526-35 - PubMed

Publication Types