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Kulkarni S, Kondalkar S, Mactaggart I, et al. Estimating the magnitude of diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy in an older age urban population in Pune, western India. BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2019;4(1):e000201doi: 10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000201.
Kulkarni, S., Kondalkar, S., Mactaggart, I., Shamanna, B. R., Lodhi, A., Mendke, R., Kharat, J., Kapse, R., Dole, K., & Deshpande, M. (2019). Estimating the magnitude of diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy in an older age urban population in Pune, western India. BMJ open ophthalmology, 4(1), e000201. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000201
Kulkarni, Sucheta, et al. "Estimating the magnitude of diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy in an older age urban population in Pune, western India." BMJ open ophthalmology vol. 4,1 (2019): e000201. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000201
Kulkarni S, Kondalkar S, Mactaggart I, Shamanna BR, Lodhi A, Mendke R, Kharat J, Kapse R, Dole K, Deshpande M. Estimating the magnitude of diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy in an older age urban population in Pune, western India. BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2019 Feb 28;4(1):e000201. doi: 10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000201. eCollection 2019. PMID: 30997399; PMCID: PMC6440599.
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BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2019 Feb 28;4(1):e000201. doi: 10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000201. eCollection 2019.

Estimating the magnitude of diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy in an older age urban population in Pune, western India.

BMJ open ophthalmology

Sucheta Kulkarni, Shridevi Kondalkar, Islay Mactaggart, B R Shamanna, Azher Lodhi, Rohit Mendke, Jitesh Kharat, Rajesh Kapse, Kuldeep Dole, Madan Deshpande

Affiliations

  1. Department of Community Ophthalmology, PBMA's H. V. Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
  2. Clinical Research, The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
  3. Research Services, Prashasa Health Consultants Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

PMID: 30997399 PMCID: PMC6440599 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000201

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To estimate magnitude of diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a high risk population in Pune, western India.

METHODS: DR module in rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) survey methodology was used. Sample size of 3527 was calculated based on estimates from previous studies in India. A certified RAAB trainer conducted a training of survey teams. Random cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size was adapted to select 60 clusters consisting of 60 individuals each. Two teams visited door to door until they finished visiting 60 persons each day. Visual acuity testing, torch light examination, red glow test were carried out to determine persons with visual impairment and its cause. Every participant then underwent a random blood sugar level testing. All diabetics (known and newly detected) underwent dilated retina evaluation with indirect ophthalmoscopy to determine their DR status. Data were entered into RAAB6 software and descriptive statistics generated.

RESULTS: Response rate was 89.5 % (3221/3600), females (55.3%). The prevalence of DM in the sample was (706/3221) 21.9 %(95 CI 20.1 to 23.7). Prevalence of DR was 14.3 % (95% CI 11.7 to 16.9). Most diabetics (401/579, 69.3%) never had an eye examination for DR in the past. Cataract was the principal cause of blindness (50 % cases) among diabetics.

CONCLUSION: DM affects over fifth of persons above 50 years of age in western India. Nearly seventh of the diabetics have DR, but coverage of screening is poor in Pune.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus; diabetic retinopathy; prevalence; screening coverage; western India

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

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