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Al Jarad A, Al Hadi A, Al Garatli A, et al. Impact of Cognitive Dysfunction in the Middle East Depressed Patients: The ICMED Study. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2018;14:270-283doi: 10.2174/1745017901814010270.
Al Jarad, A., Al Hadi, A., Al Garatli, A., Akram, A., Alsaeidi, D., Al Mansour, F., El Amin, H., Khaled, M., Alharthi, N., Al Owesie, R., Abdullah, S., Matar, T., & Darwish, T. (2018). Impact of Cognitive Dysfunction in the Middle East Depressed Patients: The ICMED Study. Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH, 14270-283. https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901814010270
Al Jarad, Abdulqader, et al. "Impact of Cognitive Dysfunction in the Middle East Depressed Patients: The ICMED Study." Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH vol. 14 (2018): 270-283. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901814010270
Al Jarad A, Al Hadi A, Al Garatli A, Akram A, Alsaeidi D, Al Mansour F, El Amin H, Khaled M, Alharthi N, Al Owesie R, Abdullah S, Matar T, Darwish T. Impact of Cognitive Dysfunction in the Middle East Depressed Patients: The ICMED Study. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2018 Oct 31;14:270-283. doi: 10.2174/1745017901814010270. eCollection 2018. PMID: 30972126; PMCID: PMC6407647.
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Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2018 Oct 31;14:270-283. doi: 10.2174/1745017901814010270. eCollection 2018.

Impact of Cognitive Dysfunction in the Middle East Depressed Patients: The ICMED Study.

Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH

Abdulqader Al Jarad, Ahmad Al Hadi, Ali Al Garatli, Aly Akram, Dakhil Alsaeidi, Fahad Al Mansour, Hany El Amin, Mohamed Khaled, Nawaf Alharthi, Rafat Al Owesie, Samia Abdullah, Talaat Matar, Tarek Darwish

Affiliations

  1. Psychiatric Department, King Saud University, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, KSA.
  2. Psychiatric Department in King Fahd Medical City, Riyadh, KSA.
  3. Psychiatric Department, Cairo University, Egypt and Psychiatric Department at Dr Erfan Hospital, Jeddah, KSA.
  4. Psychiatric Departments, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, KSA.
  5. Psychiatric Departments, Edrak Medical Center, Riyadh, KSA.
  6. Psychiatric Departments, Saudi German Hospital, Jeddah, KSA.
  7. Jeddah Mental Health Hospital, Jeddah, KSA.
  8. Prince Sultan Military Hospital, Riyadh, KSA.
  9. Psychiatric Departments, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, UAE.
  10. Psychiatric Departments, Saif Hospital, Ras Al-Khaimah, UAE.
  11. Psychiatric Departments, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

PMID: 30972126 PMCID: PMC6407647 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901814010270

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder is a common condition with a high rate of recurrence, chronicity, and affecting economic burden, including disability in the workplace, which leads to negative consequences on both individuals and society.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the impact of cognitive dysfunction, as declared by the patient, on performing daily tasks/activities among patients with major depression disorder (MDD).

METHODS: This investigation is based on multinational cross-sectional survey of 499 workers recruited from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and United Arab Emirates (UAE). We assessed the severity of depression by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Impact of Depression in the Workplace in Europe Audit (IDEA) survey and trial making test (TMT) parts A and B were used to assess the impact of cognitive dysfunction on performing daily tasks/activities in adult patients presented with MDD.

RESULTS: A total of 499 persons were included in this study, aged 18-66 years, current workers and managers. Of them, 17.8% were normal (remitted), 22.4% were mildly depressed, 23.4% were moderately depressed, 8.6% were severely depressed, and 27.7% were very severely depressed at the time of the study according to HDRS. Common symptoms attributable to depression were low mode or sadness (89.8%), followed by insomnia (75.2%) and crying (70.9%). Of them, low mode or sadness was the most common factor affecting the work performance (90.2%). About 66.3% of participants diagnosed with depression by a doctor/medical professional. Awareness of the disease was recognizable by patients' managers in only 31.9% of the cases. Furthermore, 45.3% of cases had taken off work due to depression with mean duration of 38.7 (95% CI 37.7 to 39.7) days. The mean TMT parts A and B score were 69.2 (95% CI 66.3 to 72.2) and 126.6 (95% CI 121 to 132), respectively. Lastly, a significant positive correlation between the mean score for HDRS and TMT-A and B scores was observed.

CONCLUSION: Depression affects work productivity and work environment with negative consequences to countries' economy. Awareness of depression in the workplace in KSA and UAE is still suboptimal. The personal and societal burden of this issue cannot be neglected when we become aware of the proportion of affected people.

Keywords: Cognitive dysfunction; Depression; Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; IDEA questionnaire; Trail Making Test (TMT)-A and B; Workplace

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