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Płońska-Gościniak E, Lichodziejewska B, Szyszka A, et al. Echocardiography in adults. J Ultrason. 2019;19(76):54-61doi: 10.15557/JoU.2019.0008.
Płońska-Gościniak, E., Lichodziejewska, B., Szyszka, A., Kukulski, T., Kasprzak, J. D., Dzikowska-Diduch, O., Gackowski, A., Gościniak, P., Pysz, P., & Gąsior, Z. (2019). Echocardiography in adults. Journal of ultrasonography, 19(76), 54-61. https://doi.org/10.15557/JoU.2019.0008
Płońska-Gościniak, Edyta, et al. "Echocardiography in adults." Journal of ultrasonography vol. 19,76 (2019): 54-61. doi: https://doi.org/10.15557/JoU.2019.0008
Płońska-Gościniak E, Lichodziejewska B, Szyszka A, Kukulski T, Kasprzak JD, Dzikowska-Diduch O, Gackowski A, Gościniak P, Pysz P, Gąsior Z. Echocardiography in adults. J Ultrason. 2019;19(76):54-61. doi: 10.15557/JoU.2019.0008. PMID: 31088012; PMCID: PMC6750174.
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J Ultrason. 2019;19(76):54-61. doi: 10.15557/JoU.2019.0008.

Echocardiography in adults.

Journal of ultrasonography

Edyta Płońska-Gościniak, Barbara Lichodziejewska, Andrzej Szyszka, Tomasz Kukulski, Jarosław D Kasprzak, Olga Dzikowska-Diduch, Andrzej Gackowski, Piotr Gościniak, Piotr Pysz, Zbigniew Gąsior

Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland.
  2. Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.
  3. Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland.
  4. Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, The Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia , Zabrze , Poland.
  5. Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland.
  6. Department of Coronary Disease and Heart Failure of Jagiellonian University Medical College, Noninvasive Cardiovascular Laboratory, Specialist Hospital in Cracow , Cracow , Poland.
  7. Independent Laboratory of Non-Invasive Heart Diagnostics for Children and Adults, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin , Szczecin , Poland.
  8. Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine in Katowice , Katowice , Poland ; Sub-department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, the Beskid Treatment and Rehabilitation Team, Long-Term Care Hospital in Jaworze , Jaworze , Poland.
  9. Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice , Katowice , Poland.

PMID: 31088012 PMCID: PMC6750174 DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2019.0008

Abstract

Transthoracic echocardiography is the primary non-invasive modality for anatomical and functional cardiac assessment. All one-, two-dimensional and Doppler modes use the same phenomenon, i.e. the piezoelectric effect, to visualize mobile cardiac structures and blood flow in cardiac cavities. Novel techniques for myocardial imaging, such as tissue Doppler and acoustic marker tracing, allow for the assessment of regional myocardial contractility of the left and the right ventricle. Cardiac assessment is performed in standard views characterized by an optimal acoustic window. The goal of each cardiac echo is to assess cardiac function and morphology using all available imaging modes. The evaluation of acquired valvular heart diseases should include morphological and functional changes indicative of the type (stenosis, regurgitation, complex defect) and the mechanism (Carpentier's classification of mitral regurgitation) of the defect, as well as its stage (mild, moderate, severe). The assessment of left and right ventricular function should involve the measurement of global and regional parameters. An echocardiographic report should also include information on septal continuity and the presence of additional structures or intracardiac masses.

Transthoracic echocardiography is the primary non-invasive modality for anatomical and functional cardiac assessment. All one-, two-dimensional and Doppler modes use the same phenomenon, i.e. the piezoelectric effect, to visualize mobile cardiac structures and blood flow in cardiac cavities. Novel techniques for myocardial imaging, such as tissue Doppler and acoustic marker tracing, allow for the assessment of regional myocardial contractility of the left and the right ventricle. Cardiac assessment is performed in standard views characterized by an optimal acoustic window. The goal of each cardiac echo is to assess cardiac function and morphology using all available imaging modes. The evaluation of acquired valvular heart diseases should include morphological and functional changes indicative of the type (stenosis, regurgitation, complex defect) and the mechanism (Carpentier’s classification of mitral regurgitation) of the defect, as well as its stage (mild, moderate, severe). The assessment of left and right ventricular function should involve the measurement of global and regional parameters. An echocardiographic report should also include information on septal continuity and the presence of additional structures or intracardiac masses.

References

  1. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2011 Mar;12(3):167-205 - PubMed
  2. Eur Heart J. 2012 Oct;33(19):2451-96 - PubMed
  3. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015 Jan;28(1):1-39.e14 - PubMed
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  6. Eur Heart J. 2016 Jul 14;37(27):2129-2200 - PubMed
  7. Eur Heart J. 2017 Sep 21;38(36):2739-2791 - PubMed

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