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Sciara S, Reimer C, Kues M, et al. Universal N-Partite d-Level Pure-State Entanglement Witness Based on Realistic Measurement Settings. Phys Rev Lett. 2019;122(12):120501doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.120501.
Sciara, S., Reimer, C., Kues, M., Roztocki, P., Cino, A., Moss, D. J., Caspani, L., Munro, W. J., & Morandotti, R. (2019). Universal N-Partite d-Level Pure-State Entanglement Witness Based on Realistic Measurement Settings. Physical review letters, 122(12), 120501. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.120501
Sciara, Stefania, et al. "Universal N-Partite d-Level Pure-State Entanglement Witness Based on Realistic Measurement Settings." Physical review letters vol. 122,12 (2019): 120501. doi: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.120501
Sciara S, Reimer C, Kues M, Roztocki P, Cino A, Moss DJ, Caspani L, Munro WJ, Morandotti R. Universal N-Partite d-Level Pure-State Entanglement Witness Based on Realistic Measurement Settings. Phys Rev Lett. 2019 Mar 29;122(12):120501. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.120501. PMID: 30978097.
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Phys Rev Lett. 2019 Mar 29;122(12):120501. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.120501.

Universal N-Partite d-Level Pure-State Entanglement Witness Based on Realistic Measurement Settings.

Physical review letters

Stefania Sciara, Christian Reimer, Michael Kues, Piotr Roztocki, Alfonso Cino, David J Moss, Lucia Caspani, William J Munro, Roberto Morandotti

Affiliations

  1. Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT), 1650 Boulevard Lione-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
  2. Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo 90100, Italy.
  3. John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
  4. School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom.
  5. Hannover Center for Optical Technologies (HOT), Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany.
  6. Centre for Micro Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
  7. Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom.
  8. NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan.
  9. National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan.
  10. Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chendu 610054, China.
  11. ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.

PMID: 30978097 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.120501

Abstract

Entanglement witnesses are operators that are crucial for confirming the generation of specific quantum systems, such as multipartite and high-dimensional states. For this reason, many witnesses have been theoretically derived which commonly focus on establishing tight bounds and exhibit mathematical compactness as well as symmetry properties similar to that of the quantum state. However, for increasingly complex quantum systems, established witnesses have lacked experimental achievability, as it has become progressively more challenging to design the corresponding experiments. Here, we present a universal approach to derive entanglement witnesses that are capable of detecting the presence of any targeted complex pure quantum system and that can be customized towards experimental restrictions or accessible measurement settings. Using this technique, we derive experimentally optimized witnesses that are able to detect multipartite d-level cluster states, and that require only two measurement settings. We present explicit examples for customizing the witness operators given different realistic experimental restrictions, including witnesses for high-dimensional entanglement that use only two-dimensional projection measurements. Our work enables us to confirm the presence of probed quantum states using methods that are compatible with practical experimental realizations in different quantum platforms.

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